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Benefits of Radiation in Every Day Life

Benefits of Radiation in Every Day Life. Beneficial Uses of Radiation. Medical Diagnoses and Treatment Research Applications Industrial/Manufacturing Applications Food Irradiation Consumer Products/Safety and Security Spacecraft Power Supply Electric Power Generation. Medical Uses.

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Benefits of Radiation in Every Day Life

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  1. Benefits of Radiation in Every Day Life

  2. Beneficial Uses of Radiation • Medical Diagnoses and Treatment • Research Applications • Industrial/Manufacturing Applications • Food Irradiation • Consumer Products/Safety and Security • Spacecraft Power Supply • Electric Power Generation

  3. Medical Uses • Diagnostic • Generally low doses • Short-time exposures • Therapeutic • Generally high doses • Short to long time exposures

  4. Diagnostic Uses • X-radiation • Radiographs • Fluoroscopy • CT scan • Nuclear Medicine

  5. X-Radiation:Radiographs • Short time exposures (much less than a second) • Low doses • Dental: 0.08 - 0.10 mSv (8 - 10 mrem) • Chest: 0.06 - 0.10 mSv (6 - 10 mrem) • Mammogram: 0.3 - 0.5 mSv (30 - 50 mrem) • Hip: 0.4-0.8 mSv (40-80 mrem)

  6. X-Radiation:Fluoroscopy • Long time exposures (minute or longer) • Higher doses • Barium Enema: 6 - 9 mSv (600 - 900 mrem) • Upper GI: 3.5 - 5.5 mSv (350 - 550 mrem)

  7. X-Radiation:CT-Scan • Series of short exposures at different angles • Computer analysis and display • Gives cross-section view of anatomy • Medium doses: • Head: 2 - 3 mSv (200 - 300 mrem) • Body: 3 - 4 mSv (300 - 400 mrem)

  8. Nuclear Medicine • Radioactive material injected into the patient • Gamma radiation detected to give image - computer analysis • Used to: • Locate tumors • Determine organ function

  9. Skeletal Scan of Person After a Tc-99m nuclear Medicine Injection

  10. Therapeutic Uses • Radiotherapy (Direct radiation beam) • Gamma rays • Electron beams • X-radiation • Brachytherapy (Radiation from internally deposited radioactivity) • Removable seeds (long half-life) • Permanent seeds (short half-life)

  11. Therapeutic Uses (Continued) • Internal Unsealed Sources • Biological uptake (Iodine) • Direct injection • Very High Local Doses for Therapeutic Uses • 50 to several hundred Sieverts, depending on the type, location, and size of the tumor

  12. Therapy Machine used for Targeting Cancerous Tissue

  13. Characteristics of Ideal Brachytherapy Radionuclides • Half life should not cause extended stay in hospital • Radioisotope should emit alpha or beta radiation • Radioisotope should also emit gamma rays to ensure targeted area is treated

  14. Characteristics of Ideal Therapeutic Radionuclides • Half life should not cause extended stay in hospital • Radioisotope should emit alpha or beta radiation • Radioisotope should also emit gamma rays to ensure targeted area is treated

  15. Research Use • Biological and Genetic research • Agricultural research • Space research • Pharmaceutical research

  16. Manufacturing Testing and Measurements • Monitor thickness of materials during production • Sheet metal, aluminum foil • Newspaper • Measure wear on cutting/drilling tools • Other measurements • Amount of glue on postage stamp • Level of liquid in canned beverages

  17. Industrial Use • Well logging • Moisture/density gauges • Radiography • Sterilization • Medical instruments • Cosmetics • Food/Spices

  18. Level GaugeGamma Switching Technique High level alarm detector High signal reject source source NaI detector Can/package content monitor Low level alarm Storage hopper level control

  19. Thickness GaugeTransmission Thickness Technique NaI detector load conveyor source Belt weigher

  20. Thickness Gauge Non-contact measurement and control of liquids, solids or slurries in pipelines. Specific source size is selected for each application. This is also referred to as gamma gauging or belt weighing Source Detector

  21. Thickness GaugeBeta backscattering technique

  22. Thickness GaugeGamma Backscattering Technique NaI detector Source Sampled volume glass Coal

  23. Food Irradiation • Food treatment comparable to pasteurization • Kills pests/microorganisms without food degradation • Controls sprouting • Does not make the food radioactive • FDA Approved • Must be labeled

  24. Consumer ProductsSafety and Security • Smoke Detection Equipment • Self-powered Lighting in Exit Signs • Lighted Aircraft Instrumentation • Pharmaceutical Detection • Bomb/Weapons Detection • Scanning and Surveillance Equipment • Theft Deterrent Systems

  25. Spacecraft Power Supplies • Small radioactive sources have provided heat and electrical power for space probes for decades • Radioactive power supplies have allowed space craft to explore the outer solar system, too far from the sun for solar panels to be effective

  26. Electric Power Generation • Nuclear Power supplies about 20% of the country’s electric power • Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear power does not release greenhouse gasses

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