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Age of Empires: Rome & Han China 753 B.C.E – 600 C.E

Age of Empires: Rome & Han China 753 B.C.E – 600 C.E. Rome: The Republic 507-31 B.C.E. Senate & Consul(s) = 2 major branches of govt. Provincial Governors = Corrupt Early Expansion Motives = Greed, aggressiveness, Consul generalship Methods = Citizen armies, Roman citizenship to conquered

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Age of Empires: Rome & Han China 753 B.C.E – 600 C.E

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  1. Age of Empires:Rome & Han China753 B.C.E – 600 C.E

  2. Rome: The Republic 507-31 B.C.E • Senate & Consul(s) = • 2 major branches of govt. • Provincial Governors = Corrupt • Early Expansion • Motives = Greed, aggressiveness, Consul generalship • Methods = Citizen armies, Roman citizenship to conquered • Ex: Carthage 200-30 BCE / Hellenistic 59-51 BCE / Gaul (Julius Caesar) • FAIL = Rome’s Republic • Latifundia Estates / $ Crops • Poor urban population • Swaying loyalty of soldiers

  3. Rome: The Empire 31 B.C.E-600 C.E. • Octavian (Augustus Caesar) = Emperor of Rome • Increased power of Emperor • Reformed govt. / civil service / added land • Succession determined by army • Pax Romana 27 BCE – 180 CE • Manufacture & Trade Flourished • Imports (Grain, Silk, Spices) • Exports (glass, metalwork, pottery) • Romanization = • Adaptation of Roman culture by conquered peoples • Western Empire Crumbling while Eastern Empire Flourishing • Constantinople new capital 324CE (Preserved Roman traditions)

  4. Rome: The Culture • Religions • Mythology -> Christianity • Adopted by Emperor Constantine • Council of Nicea • Rural Rome • 80% of empire = farmers • Hard life of farming • Urban Empire • Rome, Alexandria, Carthage, Antioch • Paterfamilias = • Roman hierarchical family structure • Status of women depended on social class and husband

  5. Qin China 221-207 B.C.E • Shi Huangdi (Emperor) • ‘Unification’ of Central and Northern China • Created strong bureaucracy • Suppressed Confucianism in favor of Legalism • Secured Borders: Forced conscription & freed peasantry from slavery • Death in 210 BCE Terracotta Army • Qin Rule over by 206 B.C.E

  6. Han China: 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E. • Family = Basic Unit of Society • Unbroken chain of ancestors • Hierarchy of elder male • Women’s status also depended on social class • Confucianism = Major Ideology • Major Leaders • Gaozu (Liu Bang) =Transition from Qin to Han • Wu = Stronger military, adoption of Confucianism, Expansion of empire 141-87 BCE • Decline & Fall 220 CE • Undermined by weak leadership, less tax revenue, mercenary armies, corruption, nomadic attacks

  7. Similarities Agriculture = Main Economic Activity Empires encompassed diverse cultures Built roads (Military & Commercial Use) Majority of population lived in rural areas Undermined by military spending Overrun by peoples that continued their culture Differences Imperial model survived continuously in China Concept of the individual (Rome) Economic mobility of middle class (Rome) Structure of Military (professional soldiers V. draftees) Major Religions Comparison Rome & Han China

  8. Continuities/Patterns in Chinese History • Ethnocentrism • Xenophobia • Importance of Family • Low Status of Women • Conflict with Nature • Hard Lives of Peasants • Authoritarian Govt. • Dynastic Cycle • Cultural Conservatism • Education Valued • Creativity & Innovation

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