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The American Colonies

The American Colonies. Jamestown, VA May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers. WHY?. For what reasons did individuals come to America?. Colonizing America. Wealth. Colonizing America. Religious dissent. Types of Colonies. Royal Colonies King Ruled by royal governor.

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The American Colonies

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  1. The American Colonies

  2. Jamestown, VA May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers

  3. WHY? For what reasons did individuals come to America?

  4. Colonizing America • Wealth

  5. Colonizing America • Religious dissent

  6. Types of Colonies • Royal Colonies • King • Ruled by royal governor

  7. Types of Colonies • Proprietary • Individuals or groups • King gifted land

  8. Types of Colonies • Charter • Established by charters • King • Colonies governed themselves

  9. Regional Divisions?

  10. New England Colonies

  11. Massachusetts (1620) • Pilgrims (Plymouth) • Separatists • wanted to separate from the Anglican Church • 1st Thanksgiving • Mayflower Compact • 41 men drew up the agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony; signed on the Mayflower • 1620

  12. Massachusetts (1630) • Puritans • Purify and reform Anglican Church • Massachusetts Bay Colony • Strict religious beliefs; radical • John Winthrop “for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us” City Upon A Hill, 1630

  13. New Hampshire (1630) • John Mason • English and Scots-Irish settlers • Economic freedom • Settled for religious freedom • Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and economic rules of the Puritans • Royal Colony

  14. Rhode Island (1636) • Roger Williams • Exiled by Puritans in Mass. settled in Providence • Religious freedom • Trade • Connecticut (1636) • Thomas Hooker • Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious freedom) • Asked to leave by Mass. • Agriculture and trade

  15. Middle Colonies

  16. New York (1626) • Peter Minuit • Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English • Trade and profits • Anglican • Proprietary to royal colony • New Jersey (1660) • Lord Berkley • Established by Sweden became English • Agriculture, trade and profits • Proprietary to royal colony • Delaware (1638) • Peter Minuit • Dutch, Swedish and English • Farming, trade and profits • Proprietary

  17. Pennsylvania (1682) • William Penn • Proprietary • Home to many European Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German • Farming • Quakers • Equality and all possessed “Inner Light” • Pennsylvania

  18. Southern Colonies

  19. Virginia (1607) • Jamestown • 1st permanent settlement mostly males (indentured servants and treasure hunters) • 60/900 colonists survived • Ruled by John Smith • Founded by the Virginia Company • Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling stocks/shares to investors • Becomes royal House of Burgesses (1619)-22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colony

  20. Maryland (1634) George Calvert Religious freedom for Catholics Established for trade, finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent Farming Proprietary

  21. Maryland Act of Toleration • 1649 • Granted freedom of worship for all Catholics • Symbolic beginning of freedom of religion

  22. North Carolina (1653) • Group of proprietors: business venture • Settlers from Virginia • Farming, trade and profit • Anglican • South Carolina (1670) • Group of proprietors • Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish • Food crops • Anglican • Proprietary to royal • Georgia (1733) • General James Oglethorpe • Spanish settlements taken by English • Debtors and convicts protect colonies from Spanish and French invasions • Slow economic growth farmed, harvested lumber and traded furs

  23. Colonial Economy

  24. Economic Diversity: -South= Agriculture -North = Commerce -Towns and cities develop along water

  25. Economy • Mercantilism • Economic policy • Europe • Way to get rich • Export more than you import Effect= Britain creates rules for colonial trade

  26. Commerce and Immigrants (New England) • Port cities • Boston • Immigrant population increases due to religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch) • More towns in North than Southern colonies • Use town meetings to govern

  27. New England Colonies • Shipbuilding • Fishing • Smaller farms self-sufficient

  28. Middle Colonies’ Economy • Diverse in people and business • Less slaves • Shops, homes and farms

  29. Middle Colonies’ Economy • Farming • Wheat, barley, rye • Commerce • Access to water • Shipping overseas • New York and Philadelphia

  30. Southern Economy • John Rolfe and tobacco • Virginia, Maryland, NC • Plantations develop • Need for labor • Indentured servants • Agree to work for landowner • 4-7 years • slavery

  31. Southern Plantation Systems • Exported cash crops to make money • Creates: (1) Large farms around rivers (2) Need for lots of labor (3) Wealthy class of plantation owners

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