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MODULE-MAKING

MODULE-MAKING. by DOLORES P. ACIERTO. What is a module?. - a curriculum design, a self learning kit. -it is prepared or written in order to address a need. - it is designed to replace a teacher. STAGES OF MODULE MAKING. A. Initial or Planning Stage 1. Goal Identification

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MODULE-MAKING

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  1. MODULE-MAKING by DOLORES P. ACIERTO

  2. What is a module? -a curriculum design, a self learning kit. -it is prepared or written in order to address a need. - it is designed to replace a teacher.

  3. STAGES OF MODULE MAKING • A. Initial or Planning Stage • 1. Goal Identification • are influenced by globalization, national, regional and institutional goals • Which national goals are addressed by your module? • Which goals of your region does your module consider? • Which goal of your institution does your module aim to achieve? • Which local and international trends and goals in education are addressed by your module?

  4. ACTIVITY 1 • 1. Select a difficult or supplementary topic in your area of specialization that you want to write about in a module. • 2. Write your reasons or criteria in selecting this topic.

  5. ACTIVITY 2 • 1. Prepare interview questions for the head or senior official of your institution, at least two co-teachers who can use the module that you will write, and at least ten students for whom you are writing the module. These interviews aim to determine the needs that will be addressed by your module and the human and material resource requirements of your module. • 2. Interview the school head and co-teachers one at a time. Students may be interviewed in groups of two, three or five. • 3. Process, summarize and interpret your interview data. • What new insights have you obtained from your data that will help you formulate the instructional objectives of the module and write it?

  6. THINGS TO CONSIDER BEFORE WRITING THE MODULE • Grade level of Module • Kind of module ( core, enrichment, remedial) • Estimated Time to finish Module

  7. B. WRITING STAGE • ELEMENTS OF A MODULE • 1. Readiness Test and Key • 1.1 Prerequisite Concepts and Processes • 1.2 Estimated Number of Items • 1.3 Test Items • 1.4 Key • 1.5 Desired Mastery Level

  8. PRETEST 5. Which of the following is found in plant cells, but not animal cells?a.cell wallb.vacuolec.mitochondriad.endoplasmic reticulum   6. The jellylike interior of the cell is called the:a.vacuoleb.cytoplasmc.cytoskeletond.nucleus   7. Identify the organelle. a.golgi apparatusb.endoplasmic reticulumc.mitochondriad.lysosome 8. What part of the cell makes proteins?a.ribosomesb.mitochondriac.lysosomesd.vacuole 1. What part of the cell is responsible for breaking down and digesting things?a ribosomes b. lysosomesc.endoplasmic reticulumd. vacuole 2. Identify the organelle pictured.a.chloroplastb.endoplasmic reticulumc.golgi apparatusd.mitochondria     3. What part of the cell serves as the intracellular highway?a.endoplasmic reticulumb.golgi apparatusc.cell membraned.mitochondria 4. What part of the cell serves to process, package and export proteins?a.mitochondriab.endoplasmic reticulumc.nucleolusd.golgi apparatus

  9. 9. Where are ribosomes usually located in animal and plant cells? a. inside the nucleus b. near the cell membrane c. on the endoplasmic reticulum d.inside the vacuole 10. Most of the cell’s ATP is synthesized in the a. golgi complex b. ribosomes c. nucleus d. mitochondria 11. Why do plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells? a. to provide bigger room for food storage. b. to provide additional protection to the plant cell. c. to digest large particles in the cell d. to make food-making process faster 12. Chloroplast consists of a double membrane. It’s inner membrane form stacks of disks where chlorophyll molecules are found. What would happen to the cell if the chloroplast is absent in the cell? The cell cannot a. digest b. photosynthesize c. reproduce d. respire 13. What is the cell membranes job? a. It controls what goes in and out of the cells. b. It produces proteins c. It stores food and water d. It produces energy What is the nucleus job? a. It allows food b. It tells the cell its job, and what to do. c. function as factories that produce proteins d. only functions during cell division. 15. What serve as boundary between the nucleus and the cytoplasm? a. cell membrane b. ribosome c. nuclear membrane d. nucleolus 16. What makes up the cell wall? a. cellulose b. cholesterol c. protein d. phosphates 17. Which of the following pair is mismatched? a. cell wall – give rigidity to pant cells b. golgi complex- stores food and water c. lysosome – cellular digestion d. cytoplsm-liquid part of the cell 18. Water moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower water concentration through a. diffusion b. osmosis c. faciitated diffusion d.exocytosis 19. Which of the cell organelle can not be found in both plant and animal cells? a. chloroplast b. cell membrane c. nucleus d. vacuoles 20. Plants cells have definite shape because of the presence a. cell walls b. cell membrane c. nucleus d. vacuoles

  10. 2. Lesson Proper 2.1 Tentative Title 2.2 Motivation 2.3 Instructional Objectives ( concepts, processes and values) 2.4 Description of Activity 2.5 Questions for students (integrated with activity)

  11. AN AMAZING TOUR inside the cell • MODULE IN BIOLOGY • By Dolores P. Acierto • BNCHS

  12. Well, you have to be inside this machine to be shrunk down to about 3 millionth of your normal size. Ready? Want to have a tour with us inside the cell?

  13. Welcome! I hope the transformation wasn't too alarming. You are now about 0.5 micrometers tall. But don’t worry, you’ll return to your normal size before you finish this module. You can adjust your eyes to darkness later. Just continue on walking! Its quite dark here!

  14. Tour Overview Until the microscope was invented, people had no idea of the amazing facts and details about the cells. These were first seen by Robert Hooke when he looked at a piece of cork. Within each cell , there are many different organelles, each doing a different job. They are all important to the process of keeping the organisms alive. This module focuses on the basic parts of the cell and their specific functions, how the cell membrane works and the difference between plant cell and animal cell. Instructional Objectives At the end of this module, with at least 75% level of proficiency, you should be able to: 1. Identify the different parts of the cell. 2. Differentiate plant cells from animal cells. 3. Appreciate how the cell membrane works.

  15. TRAVEL GUIDE There are symbols that you see as follows: OBJECTIVES These are the general and specific objectives. They give you the direction in studying the module. LEARNING TASK This tells you the information that you can obtain by reading the contents of this part of module. PRACTICE TASK These are questions or quiz you should answer to check your mastery on the learning task. FEEDBACK TO PRACTICE TASK This contains the correct answer to the practice task.

  16. TRAVEL TIPS Follow the instructions properly You should read the objectives and understand what you should be able to know after the learning task. Answer the pretest questions. This enables you to know how much you know about the concept. Do the practice task using another sheet of paper. Check your answer using the feedback so that you know how much you have progressed. DO NOT LOOK AT THE ANSWER BEFORE ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS. Look at the feedback to the practice task after you completed the practice task. Do the activities alone or with the least assistance of your teacher. Take the post test to find out how much you have learned from the module. HAPPY WORKING !

  17. EXPLORATION A - INSIDE THE CELL STATION 1 To move inside, we have to pass obstacles such as organelles, cytoskeleton fibers and countless molecules THE CYTOPLASM ( The Living Part ) You are now inside a long high and wide as football field- the cytoplasm. Can you feel the fluid that surround us? Scientists used to call the fluid protoplasm. Here we can find enzymes, fatty acids, sugars and amino acids that are used to keep the cell working. But from where we are, you can’t see nearly that far. Clogging your view are various cell structures called organelles. Like the internal organs in your body, organelles have a unique biological role to play.

  18. Opps! You have just landed on a spherical structure. It’s the nucleus- basically the cell’s brain because it controls all the activities inside the cell like moving, eating and reproduction. Inside the nucleus are chromosomes that contains the genetic material or DNA. DNA determines the cell’s identity, masterminds its activities and is the official cookbook for the body’s proteins. Chromosome nucleolus Can you see the large dark spot? That structure is the nucleolus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. STATION 2 INSIDE THE NUCLEUS (The Cell’ brain ) Whew! Fantastic!! Let us explore inside the cell using that vehicle

  19. EXPLORATION CHECKPOINT 1 Sorry to interrupt your exploration. You need to answer the following questions. As part of your exploration, you need to answer the following test. I. Multiple choice. Choose the best answer. 1. It contains the enzymes , fatty acids, sugars and amino acids that are use to keep the cell working. a.ribosomes b. nucleus c. cytoplasm d. endoplasmic reticulum 2. It controls the activities of the cell like eating, movement and reproduction. a. nucleolus b. nucleus c. ribosomes d. cytoplasm 3. It serves as boundary between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. a. endoplasmic reticulum b. nuclear membrane c. ribosomes d. nucleolus 4. It specializes in making lipids and breakdown toxic molecules. a. nuclear membrane b. ribosomes c. smooth ER d. nucleolus 5. It determines the cell’s identity, masterminds its activities and is the official cookbook for the body’s proteins. a. cytoplasm b. DNA c. nucleolus d. ribosomes II. Matching Type : Match Column A to Column B A B • The cell’s brains a. Nucleolus • Ribosome factory b. ribosomes • Protein builders c. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Packaging System d. Nucleus • Cook book for e. DNA making protein You may now proceed to the next station. Enjoy your travel! Co Compare your written responses with the correct answers found in the feedback section(key answers).What is your score? If you got 8 and above, you have done well. Congratulations! If you got 5 to 7, very good! If you got 4 and below, you need to go back to station you came from and start all over again.

  20. ARE YOU READY? You have seen quite a bit of the cell. However, this tour covered only the highlights. In a short while we will visit some different world of cells-the plant cell and animal cell. I had so much fun!

  21. Plant cell Animal Cell EXPLORATION B – THE PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL Welcome to two different worlds, the plant cell and animal cell.

  22. STATION 11 THE PLANT CELL Plant cells are much like animal cells, except for 3 important differences. Plant cells have cell walls, which make them appear rectangular-shaped.  These structures are composed of cellulose provides a protected framework for a plant cell to survive. Cell walls also help a plant keeps its shape . While they do protect the cells, cell walls and cellulose also allow plants to grow to great heights. What makes plant cell different form animal cell? Come on ! Let’s find out! Can you see some holes on the walls? Those holes are called plasmodesmata. They let nutrients, waste and ions to pass through.

  23. EXPLORATION CHECKPOINT 4 B. Using the table, make a comparison of plant cell and animal cell in a paragraph from. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________ _____________________ Now that you have seen both plants and animal cells, you may now compare the two cells by answering the table below. A. Fill in the spaces with yes or no. Is the organelle found in plant cell? In animal cell? THE TOUR ENDS HERE!

  24. You will now regain your normal size. There should be no lasting side effects of the miniaturization, except, I hope, a slight tingling sensation caused by new knowledge and a growing excitement about what scientists know and still don’t know about cells. Congratulations! You made it in your unfathomable journey!

  25. POST TEST 1.The jellylike interior of the cell is called the:a.vacuoleb.cytoplasmc.cytoskeletond.nucleus 2. What part of the cell makes proteins?a.Ribosomesb.mitochondriac.lysosomesd.vacuole 3.What part of the cell serves to process, package and export proteins?a.mitochondriab.endoplasmic reticulumc.nucleolusd.golgi apparatus 4.Why do plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells? a. to provide bigger room for food storage. b. to provide additional protection to the plant cell. c. to digest large particles in the cell d. to make food-making process faster 5. Which of the cell organelle can not be found in both plant and animal cells? a. chloroplast b. cell membrane c. nucleus d. vacuoles 6. Which of the following is found in plant cells, but not animal cells?a.cell wall b.vacuolec.mitochondriad.endoplasmic reticulum 8. What part of the cell is responsible for breaking down and digesting things?a ribosomes b. lysosomesc.endoplasmic reticulumd. vacuole 9. Identify the organelle pictured.a.chloroplastb.endoplasmic reticulumc.golgi apparatusd.mitochondria 10. Plants cells have definite shape because of the presence a. cell walls b. cell membrane c. nucleus d. vacuoles 11. . What part of the cell serves as the intracellular highway?a.endoplasmic reticulumb.golgi apparatusc.cell membraned.mitochondria 12. Which of the following is found in plant cells, but not animal cells?a.cell wallb.vacuolec.mitochondriad.endoplasmic reticulum

  26. 12. Which of the following pair is mismatched? a. cell wall – give rigidity to pant cells b. golgi complex- stores food and water c. lysosome – cellular digestion d. cytoplasm-liquid part of the cell 13.Plants cells have definite shape because of the presence a. cell walls b. cell membrane c. nucleus d. vacuoles 14. What is the cell membranes job? a. It controls what goes in and out of the cells. b. It produces proteins c. It stores food and water d. It produces energy 15. Chloroplast consists of a double membrane. It’s inner membrane form stacks of disks where chlorophyll molecules are found. What would happen to the cell if the chloroplast is absent in the cell? The cell cannot a. digest b. photosynthesize c. reproduce d. respire 16. .What serve as boundary between the nucleus and the cytoplasm? a. cell membrane b. ribosome c. nuclear membrane d. nucleolus 17. What makes up the cell wall? a. cellulose b. cholesterol c. protein d. phosphates 18.It contains the enzymes , fatty acids, sugars and amino acids that are use to keep the cell working. a.ribosomes b. nucleus c. cytoplasm d. endoplasmic reticulum 19.It controls the activities of the cell like eating, movement and reproduction. a. nucleolus b. nucleus c. ribosomes d. cytoplasm 20. Identify the organelle pictured.a.chloroplastb.endoplasmic reticulumc.golgi apparatusd.mitochondria

  27. FEEDBACK EXPLORATION 1 I. 1.C 2. b 3. B 4. C 5. B II. 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. e EXPLORATION 2 I. 1. lysosomes 2. mitochondrion 3. Vacuole 4. golgi apparatus 5. ATP II. 1.d 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. d EXPLORATION 3 I. 1. microfilaments 2. cell memnbrane 3. diffusion 4. actin filament 5. facilitateddiffusion 6. microtubules 7. exoskeleton 8. osmosis 9. active transport 10. passive transport 11. cytoskeleton EXPLORATION 4 I. 1. YES NO 2. NO YES 3. YES NO 4. NO YES 5. YES NO

  28. PRETEST • B 15.C • D 16.A • A 17.B • D 18.B • A 19.A • B 20.A • A • A • A • D • A • B • A • B POST TEST • B 15. B • A 16. C • D 17. A • A 18. C • A 19.B • A 20.A • B • B • A • A • A • B • A • A

  29. CRITERIA OF A WELL-WRITTEN CURRICULUM MATERIAL • 1. Accuracy of Materials • This is the bottom line criterion. Any curriculum material worth its name presents accurate concepts and skills. The accuracy of concepts and skills is from the viewpoint of scientists and mathematicians. Presented concepts that are non-scientific or non-mathematical are considered misconception

  30. 2. Clarity of the Material • Writing and teaching are essentially, communicating ideas. Effective communication requires clarity of ideas from the viewpoint of the reader or audience. • High sounding words maybe impressive but unclear.A rule of thumb is: Short paragraphs, short, simple sentence and short, simple words tend to be clear. However, for variety, complex sentences may be used, but not at the expense clarity.

  31. 3. Appeal to Target User • Make sure that the curriculum material you are making is talking to the reader. In a manner of speaking, the material comes to life as far as the reader is concerned. A most appealing material is one which a user will start reading and not stop reading until he/she gets to the end. This is like reading your favorite novel in one sitting.

  32. How to catch and sustain’s students interest? • 1. Create an attention-getting titles • Ex. Instead of “ Archimedes Principle” as a title, you can write “ Float or Sink”. 2. The initial paragraphs should motivate the user to start reading the materials and convince him/her that the succeeding several paragraphs are worth reading. Ex. You may use a story or anecdote at the beginning of the module to motivate the reader. 3. Use of multi-media. The principle here is that motion or sound and color attract and sustain attention. Everything else being equal. Ex. A colored picture is more inviting to look at than a black-and-white picture. For the same reason, it is good to have at least one diagram, picture, table or graph to break the monotony of an all-text page.

  33. 4. Originality in Presentation • A curriculum developer does not create new scientific or mathematical concepts. That is the work of scientist or mathematician. But a curriculum writer can create new ways of excellence, provided the other criteria are met, too. You should not write a curriculum material that is a carbon copy of another.

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