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1. Beyond the ‘Conveyor Belt’ Experience: Parents and Professional Views of Childhood Immunisation Services in EdinburghKennedy, C*., McIntosh, P^., Hogg, R^., Gray, C*. & Christie, J.*. *School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Care, Napier University; ^ NHS Lothian Background Aims This initial six month study was instigated by Patricia McIntosh and funded by Edinburgh Napier University. The work involved collaboration between NHS Lothian and Edinburgh Napier University which aimed to explore the views and experiences of parents and health professionals in Edinburgh for childhood immunisation services. This aim of this was ultimately to provide greater understandings of facilitating immunisation uptake. Methods Qualitative methodology was used to collect data about parent and professional views of the current services across Edinburgh. A purposive sample was used which included semi-structured interviews with four parents and focus group discussions with seven practice nurses and seven health visitors and two community staff nurses. Interviews and focus groups were recorded and thematic analysis was used to identify the main themes in the data. Management interviews were also held with key staff (reported elsewhere). Outcomes / Results The findings highlighted three themes relevant for immunisation services including: 1. Lay Health Beliefs held by parents and professionals which contravened health advice: I think just because of the MMR was so cos obviously it’s the one injection you’re getting everything at once so because of that there’s a slight chance that ...my son could develop autism that’s really why we got them done singularly and took the single vaccine…(Parent, Interview 3) ...I’m not saying I’ll put it off [MMR] but I mean I have said to a mother in the past when the child was quite small just to wait maybe another month or so – not put it off drastically – just give it another month and I don’t have any scientific basis for that apart from talking to another medical person who’s child had autism um after the MMR ...(Practice Nurse Interview 1) 2. The impact of Wider Organisational Influences for effective delivery and safety (e.g. time; vaccine shortages and complicated schedules): it’s the time element as well I always feel really rushed and I’ve only got a 10 minute appointment so you can’t give them enough time as you feel they might want I feel as if I’m rushing them through…(Practice Nurse, Interview 2) ...they’ve run out of pedicel so we now have to give three injections which I have to say is a big bug bear – three injections at once or they have to come back for the third one because the child won’t take it but I mean that’s ghastly...(Practice Nurse, Interview 1) The challenges of the schedule in relation to parents that came ‘out of step’ to the British schedule also emerged as an aspect whereby it was easy to make mistakes and time-consuming to ‘decipher’ (Health Visitor/Team Manager, Interview 2) Overall, early negative health experiences, in terms of trust, appeared to influence later decisions for immunisation amongst parents: ..and that [early previous experiences with health service during pregnancy] just left me thinking well maybe they’re not always that truthful, maybe they just tell you what they think you need to hear… I think if the information that we got from that information leaflet [NHS Information sheet] had felt more honest, ... when you really look at it the lack of any real safety test available other than by the people who sell the vaccine um you know they’re doing it- they’re purely in it for the money so why would you put your children’s health in their hands really…(Parent, Interview 2) 0.5 0.7 1 1.5 2.0 3. The importance of Communication between professionals and parents and between staff: …before you feel – with my previous health visitors we’ve had to, before you were in the door and you had to be out kind of thing – you felt that you were on a conveyor belt sometimes they didnae take the time to really know your children whereas here they do…(Parent, Interview 1) …I do immunisation clinics once a week and have a good working relationship with our practice nurse colleague...they’re very good at filling in ... and we have a very good relationship ... but that’s just been developed over time, good luck, good will of the personalities…(Health Visitor/Team Manager, Interview 2) ... it’s a bit of a contentious issue because the health visitor’s line manager had wanted the practice to start doing immunisations because of course the practices get paid for the immunisations... so they felt it was our responsibility to do it and the GPs argued that it was the health visitors area of expertise and they should be doing it ...(Practice Nurse, Interview 2) Conclusions: The significance of early parental health experiences for the potential impact on later immunisation decisions was highlighted from this work. This has implications for the national HPV campaign and emphasises the importance of the quality of the parental experience. Future work will explore parental and professional views and experiences for controversial vaccines such as MMR and HPV in a larger sample in order to examine this contextual relationship further. Funding has been secured from the Health Services Research Programme for this work which will begin in July 2009.