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Orbital Velocity

Orbital Velocity. and Escape Velocity. Another way to look at orbiting. In one second near Earth an object will fall 5 meters The Earth curves 5 meters “down” about every 8000 meters you go horizontally. Thus if a satellite is going 8 km/sec it will fall 5 meters but not get closer to Earth!

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Orbital Velocity

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  1. Orbital Velocity and Escape Velocity

  2. Another way to look at orbiting In one second near Earth an object will fall 5 meters The Earth curves 5 meters “down” about every 8000 meters you go horizontally. Thus if a satellite is going 8 km/sec it will fall 5 meters but not get closer to Earth! So Near Earth orbital velocity is about 8000m/sec. (or 8 km/sec)

  3. Satellites and tangential speed A satellite is anything that orbits a celestial body. • The Moon is a natural satellite of Earth, • The International Space-Station is an artificial satellite of Earth • The Earth is a natural Satellite of the Sun Gravity keeps a satellite in orbit If gravity stopped the satellite would follow a line line tangent to the orbit (N’s 1st Law)… So We call the speed of satellite its “tangential speed”

  4. Orbital Velocity Orbital Velocity is the tangential speed a satellite needs to stay in orbit. It depends on the Mass of the Planet or Star (M) And the radius of the orbit (r) It is:

  5. The Shape of an Orbit At exactly orbital velocity the shape of the orbit is a circle. Any faster it becomes an ellipse, Fast enough and it leaves orbit on an hyperbola. The velocity at which this happens is called…. Escape Velocity

  6. Energy and Orbits There are two types of Energy involved with orbits: Kinetic Energy, Energy an object has because it is moving Gravitational Potential Energy(GPE) is energy an object has because of where it is in a gravitational field.

  7. Conservation of Energy in Orbits Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only change its type or be transferred to another object. The sum of the GPE and KE of an object in orbit must remain the same. • In a circular orbit neither GPE nor KE change • In an Elliptical Orbit: Far away it has more GPE and is slow As it get closer GPE turns into KE and it goes faster. It is therefore going fastest when it is closest and slowest when its farthest. (Kepler’s 2nd Law)

  8. Escape Velocity The faster an object goes the more “stretched” its elliptical orbit becomes… Until it is going fast enough …..to escape And continue to move away from the planet, star on an hyperbola … Forever. It is the Escape Velocity of the Planet/star etc.

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