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Comprehensive Guide to Spacecraft Power Systems

Explore spacecraft power sources, energy storage, distribution, regulation, and control. Learn about photovoltaic cells, radioisotope generators, energy storage constraints, and power regulation techniques. Understand how to optimize power systems for space missions.

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Comprehensive Guide to Spacecraft Power Systems

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  1. Spacecraft Power Systems

  2. Spacecraft Power Systems • Power Source • Table 11-33 compares common s/c power sources • Photovoltaic Cells • Cell types • Sizing (Peak and Average Power) • Radiation Environment • Thermal Environment • Shadowing • Mission life • Degradation characteristics

  3. Spacecraft Power Systems • Power Source • Radioactive Power Sources • Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) • Nuclear Reactor • Dynamic Power Sources • Brayton, Stirling, Rankine cycles • Fuel Cells • Energy from oxidation reactions • High efficiency, short duration missions

  4. Spacecraft Power Systems • Energy Storage • Physical Constraints • Size • Mass • Operating position • Static and dynamic environments • Programmatic Constraints • Cost • Mission • Power required, eclipse frequency and length • Reliability • Maintainability

  5. Spacecraft Power Systems • Energy Storage • Electrical Constraints • Voltage • Current Loading • Duty cycles (length and frequency) • Depth of discharge • Activation time

  6. Spacecraft Power Systems • Power Distribution • Cabling • 10-25% of power system mass • Volume and location constraints • Fault Protection • Detection • Isolation • Correction • Switching • Subsystems require different amounts of power at different times • Power from batteries, arrays, RTG’s etc.

  7. Spacecraft Power Systems • Power Regulation and Control • Peak Power Tracking (PPT) • Non-dissipative • DC-DC converter in series with solar arrays • Direct Energy Transfer (DET) • Dissipative • Shunt regulator in parallel with arrays

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