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Understanding Mitosis and Meiosis for Cell Differentiation

Explore how mitosis and meiosis occur in somatic cells, leading to differentiation between body organs. Learn the stages, differences, and importance of these processes, including gametes production and genetic variation.

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Understanding Mitosis and Meiosis for Cell Differentiation

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  1. Differentiation in somatic cells The body organs are formed from a variety of these tissues. During cell division the nucleus of a somatic cell divides by mitosis to maintain the diploid chromosome number. Diploid cells have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.  What is mitosis and how does it happen again? Diploid – containing 2 set of chromosomes (1 from each parent) (2n)

  2. Bell Work – Put these statements in order to create a flow chart of mitosis in your books

  3. Learning Outcomes • Recall the stages of mitosis • describe gametes as the scientific word for sex cells (sperm and eggs) • recall that meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes • understand why it is important that meiosis produces cells with only half the number of chromosomes of the original (parent) cell • Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis

  4. Every cell in the body is produced by mitosis…. …with the exception of two types of cells....... What do you think these cells are? Why?

  5. Why can't sex cells be produced through mitosis?

  6. Fertilisation 23 23 Zygote 46

  7. Meiosis occurs .... Only occurs in gametogenic areas.. Males seminiferous tubules of testes Females follicles in ovaries

  8. Meiosis 2n Haploid – containing 1 set of chromosomes (n) (half somatic cell) n n n n

  9. Why are brothers and sisters not identical?Or sisters and sistersOr brothers and brothers

  10. Crossing Over - chiasmata

  11. So how does meiosis happen?

  12. Put these in the correct order ....

  13. ANSWERS

  14. Meiosis • The stages of meiosis are; • The chromosomes in the cell are copied (same as in mitosis). • All the homologous (the same type) chromosomes pair up. Cross over occurs • One from each pair move to opposite sides of the cell leading to 2 daughter cells being produced. These are diploid cells containing 23 pairs of chromosomes. • Each daughter cell then divides again to form 4 other daughter cells. These are the sex cells. They are haploid cells containing just 23 chromosomes.

  15. What affect does the relative sizes of the male and female gametes on behaviour of individuals? • What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell? • Why is the egg cell bigger? • Why is in-breeding so harmful? • Since this is sexual reproduction, what is asexual reproduction?

  16. Meiosis Mitosis V

  17. Meiosis Mitosis V

  18. Key Questions • What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell? 2. Since this is sexual reproduction, what is asexual reproduction? 3. Where does meiosis happen?

  19. REview Use relevent words to use each of the letters in meiosis M E I O S I S P E R M

  20. Which stage is this?

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