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Pork Production in the United States

U.S. swine industry is changing fast. Who raises hogs?How hogs are raised?Where hogs are raised?. Vertical Integration of the Swine Industry. One company controls, through ownership or contract relationships, from the farm to the fork. Trends Changing the U.S. Swine Industry. 1.Improved herd performance- Producer efficiency -2.Fewer

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Pork Production in the United States

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    1. Pork Production in the United States Joel Brendemuhl Tim Marshall University of Florida

    2. U.S. swine industry is changing fast Who raises hogs? How hogs are raised? Where hogs are raised?

    3. Vertical Integration of the Swine Industry One company controls, through ownership or contract relationships, from the farm to the fork

    4. Trends Changing the U.S. Swine Industry 1. Improved herd performance - Producer efficiency - 2. Fewer & bigger hog farms 3. Specialization 4. Fewer & bigger packing plants 5. Geographic shift in production 6. Integration of production and packing 7. Contracting 8. Globalization

    5. Producer Efficiency Pigs/litter Litters per breeding animal Market pigs per breeding animal Pork production per breeding animal Slaughter weights Trends in the Industry

    6. Estimated Daily Slaughter Capacity, U.S. – June, 2000

    7. Fewer & Bigger Hog Farms

    12. 10 Largest U.S. Hog Farms Smithfield Foods 675,000 sows Conti Group 201,000 sows Seaboard Farms 175,000 sows Prestage Farms 122,000 sows Tyson Foods 110,000 sows Cargill 109,000 sows Iowa Select 96,000 sows Christensen Farms 74,000 sows Purina Mills 70,000 sows Goldsboro Hog Farm 70,000 sows Source: Successful Farming

    13. Specialization Allowed producers to become more efficient and lower costs of operation.

    14. Early Production 1950’s

    15. Today’s Confinement Building

    16. Farrowing Barn

    17. Farrowing Crate

    18. Nursery

    19. Growing - Finish

    20. Most operations are an All-in / All-out type of production

    21. A “Pot” 200 Slaughter Pigs

    22. Conventional farrow to finish

    23. Segregated Early Weaning 3 Site

    24. Modern Swine Production Intensive management Breeding programs - hybrids Feeding programs Environmentally controlled buildings Disease control/sanitation is critical “all in, all out” production systems “shower in, shower out” Multiple-site systems

    25. Where are pigs produced in the United States?

    29. Geographic Shift

    30. Geographic Shift in Hog Production Sows are leaving the corn states Hogs went to N.C. because N.C. developed a better system Hogs are moving west to get away from rain and people

    31. Percent of U.S. Swine Breeding Herd State 1980 2000 Change N.C. 3.73 15.95 +12.22 Okla. 0.54 5.42 +4.88 Colo. 0.44 3.03 +2.59 Utah 0.08 1.27 +1.19 Ky 2.01 0.80 -1.21 Wis 2.95 1.20 -1.75 Ill 9.77 7.18 -2.59 Ga 3.84 0.88 -2.96 Iowa 22.98 17.86 -5.12

    33. Contracting Farrowing Nursery Finishing

    34. Swine Breeds & Breeding Mgmt

    35. Categorizing Swine Breeds Colored: Paternal -- muscle, growth traits, leanness White: Maternal -- milk, litter size, mothering ability

    36. Duroc Paternal breed Red Droopy ears

    37. Hampshire Paternal breed Black w/ white belt Erect ears

    38. Yorkshire Maternal breed White Erect ears

    39. Landrace Maternal breed White Large droopy ears

    40. Reproductive Mgmt of Swine

    43. Sow Reproductive Information

    44. Reproductive Management Estrus Detection - expose the sow/gilt to boar vocalization, “flirt” with the ears respond to pressure on the rump (won’t move) greatly swollen vulva

    45. Reproductive Management Mating systems Pen mating natural, but controlled matings based on estrus Artificial Insemination (AI) ? usage by large integrators (nearly 100%) use “fresh” semen, collected from boars on site frozen semen yields smaller litters than fresh

    46. Farrowing Process of the sow/gilt giving birth. Farrowing stalls (crates) protect baby pigs from being “crushed” provides for “dual heat” drip coolers for the sow heat pads/lamps for baby pigs (85-95o F)

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