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Cloning Lecture notes

Explore the science of cloning from its definition to its real-world applications, risks, and ethical debates. Learn about different cloning techniques, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer, and delve into the controversies surrounding cloning in both animal and human contexts.

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Cloning Lecture notes

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  1. Dogs cloned from Beloved 9/11 Police dog CloningLecture notes

  2. A woman has difficulty becoming pregnant. She and her husband consult a doctor, who uses in-vitro fertilization IVF to increase their chance of having a baby. Is this cloning? • Yes • No

  3. Not cloning Animal Breeding Artificial insemination: Inserting semen (sperms) into the female’s womb In vitro fertilization: Egg and sperm fertilized outside the body in a petri dish and the embryo is transferred into the womb In vitro fertilization

  4. What is Cloning? Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through non sexual means Dolly, - the first animal (sheep) cloned from the cell of an adult animal

  5. PerPETuate (preserve pet’s DNA)

  6. Why clone? • Cloning for medical purposes -Cloning animal models of disease -Cloning stem cells for research -Pharming for drug production 2. Reviving Endangered or Extinct Species 3. Increasing the efficiency of livestock production 4. Reproducing a deceased pet 5. Cloning humans?? Noah (cloned gaur) was the first endangered animal to be cloned Pyrenean IbexExtinct in 2000 Able to clone it in 2009 but lived only for 7minutes !!!

  7. Producing Clones -Vegetative propagation -Plant tissue culture

  8. Can reproduction happen without males?? Parthenogenesis: Female sharks reproduce without having sex !!!

  9. Animal cloning Cloning in nature • Parthenogenesis • Identical twins Cloning by man • Artificial embryo twinning (the cells of an embryo are separated and allowed to divide on their own. Each of those cells can divide and become an embryo which can be transferred to a female • Somatic cell nuclear transfer

  10. Cloning procedure Somatic cell nuclear transfer Transfer of nucleus from the somatic cell to an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed.

  11. Somatic cell : mammary cell DNA of egg cell is removed. DNA from the mammary cell is transferred to the egg cell and the egg cell is allowed to multiply

  12. Reproductive and Therapeutic cloning Reproductive cloning Dolly was created by using this technique Therapeutic cloning Also called embryo cloning

  13. Risks of Cloning • High Failure Rate • Problems during later development • Abnormal gene expression • Decline in genetic diversity • Telomeric differences • Will the chromosomes generally be shorter in cloned animals?

  14. Issues in Cloning • Ethical, Legal and Social issues (ELSI) • Lots of questions to ponder… • who is the parent? • Is cloning playing God? • How should cloning research be regulated? By whom? • Does therapeutical cloning justify destroying human embryos? • social challenges a cloned child might face?

  15. Something to think about Clonedcat is NOT like your pet!! Cat from which DNA was taken Cloned cat Surrogate mother cat and cloned cat

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