Presented By: Richard Raeke Director of Project Finance Borrego Solar Systems

1. Solar BasicsIPED Financing Renewable Energy Conference - Washington D.C. May 21, 2009Generate change. Choose solar! Presented By: Richard Raeke Director of Project Finance Borrego Solar Systems

2. Presentation Outline • Current Energy Problem • Utility Solar • Distributed Generation • Solar Technologies • Components • Design Considerations • Case Studies Generate Change. Choose Solar.

3. Borrego Solar Systems, Inc. Company highlights: • Leading provider of turnkey photovoltaic systems • 29 years of solar experience • Completely integrated set of services • Offices on both coasts • Can mobilize anywhere for large projects • Over 800 projects completed in CA and MA Generate Change. Choose Solar.

4. Borrego Solar Systems, Inc. Services and qualifications: • Design, engineering and consulting • Project development, feasibility studies and financial modeling • Permitting and utility interconnection • Warranties, service and maintenance Generate Change. Choose Solar.

5. Current energy problem Where our energy comes from: Fossil fuels make up 86% of US Energy Supply. Solar only contributes .06% *Source: Energy Information Administration. Part of US Department of Energy Generate Change. Choose Solar.

6. Current energy problem Problems with current energy sources: • Supply • Global warming • Pollution • Limited Sources • Need to import • Reliance on Middle East • Volatile prices Generate Change. Choose Solar.

7. Solar as a solution • Abundant local supply • No emissions • Global warming • Pollution • Coincides with peak demand • Less distribution losses • Stable fuel prices • Creation of Jobs Generate Change. Choose Solar.

8. Solar Technologies • Utility Scale • Large Projects – 5 MW+ • Solar is tied into the grid • Built by utility companies or by Independent Power Producers • Can be CSP, co-generation facilities • Distributed Generation • System tied into customer’s meter (net metering) • Off sets on-site load • Usually solar PV Generate Change. Choose Solar.

9. Grid tied photovoltaics PV system overview: Generate Change. Choose Solar.

10. Grid tied photovoltaics Net Metering • The systems stays attached to grid • When panels produce excess power, the meter spins backwards • This builds up credit with the utility company, preferably at the retail rate • During off hours, customers use those credits to offset their bill Generate Change. Choose Solar.

11. Solar Components • Solar Modules • Reliability is most important factor • Crystalline silicon is market leader • Many unproven thin film (or nano) products under development • Inverter • Brains of a solar electric system • Limit efficiency and performance • Racking • Needs to be designed for >30-year lifetime • Aluminum or Hot Dipped Galv steel required • Different solutions for different applications Generate Change. Choose Solar.

12. Technology Terminology and definitions: • Solar Cell • Power producing unit • Usually made of Silicon • Solar Module • Also called solar panel • Solar cells wired together • Encapsulated in glass • Solar Array • Modules in series and parallel Generate Change. Choose Solar.

13. Solar modules • Largest single cost in system • Up to 60% of system cost • Typically Silicon based cells • Single crystal, multi-crystal, or amorphous • Amorphous less efficient • Glass encapsulate • Aluminum frame • Requires grounding • Available with black frames • 25-year warranty is standard Generate Change. Choose Solar.

14. Inverters • Convert DC power to AC power • Efficiencies 94.5-98% conversion • Battery backup power not standard • Inverter limits production of system • Inverter selection is very important • Inverter failures are more common than module failures • 10-year warranty standard Generate Change. Choose Solar.

15. Design considerations Orientation: • West to Southeast are acceptable orientations • South face produces most power • West face produces more peak power • Lower pitch = more flexibility • Flat roofs work well • Rack at 10 degree pitch to promote runoff Generate Change. Choose Solar.

16. Design considerations Array: • Age and condition of roof • Obstructions • Vents, HVAC, pipes, etc. • Shade from trees or buildings • Roofing material • Support structure • Attachment method • Topography and soil conditions Generate Change. Choose Solar.

17. Design considerations Other important factors: • NEC Article 690 • Grounding • Stringing • Shading • Wind speed – exposure category • Matching modules • Temperature & voltage Generate Change. Choose Solar.

18. Padre Dam Municipal Water District 862 kW – Santee, CA

19. University of California – San Diego 880 kW – San Diego, CA

20. Warner Brothers 538 kW – Burbank, CA

21. Villa Nueva 697 kW– San Ysidro, CA

22. Mishawum 480 kW – Charlestown, MA

23. Mosaica 130 kW – San Francisco, CA

24. Generate Change. Choose Solar. Accelerate the adoption of Renewable Energy

25. IPED May 2009 Solar Basics Richard Raeke Director of Project Finance Borrego Solar Systems, Inc. rraeke@borregosolar.com (510) 849-5414 www.borregosolar.com www.borregosolar.com