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PRESENTATION SEQUENCE

PRESENTATION SEQUENCE. WHY is it a preferred fuel option WHAT is it’s genesis HOW much is the availability vis-à-vis demand growth WHERE are the probable Gas provinces WHAT are the E&P Challenges. NATURAL GAS. EMERGING IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL GAS.

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PRESENTATION SEQUENCE

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  1. PRESENTATION SEQUENCE • WHY is it a preferred fuel option • WHATis it’s genesis • HOW much is the availability vis-à-vis demand growth • WHEREare the probable Gas provinces • WHATare the E&P Challenges

  2. NATURAL GAS EMERGING IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL GAS • It is the cleanest fossil fuel (emits virtually no SO2 and • very low levels of CO and CO2) • Natural Gas has a very high energy efficiency ( 90% • compared with 27% for electricity) • Hence, helps conserve nation’s energy resources

  3. NATURAL GAS • NATURAL GAS HAS TWO PRIMARY ORIGINS: • methane produced by bacteria (biogenic gas), and • hydrocarbon gas produced by thermal alteration of sedimentary organic matter (thermogenic gas).

  4. OCCURRENCES OF NATURAL GAS • Conventional Gas Plays • Unconventional Gas Plays

  5. 900 800 700 600 500 MTOE 400 REST OF THE WORLD 300 ASIA TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES N America TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES N America N America REST OF THE WORLD 200 Europe Europe Europe REST OF THE WORLD ASIA 100 ASIA PACIFIC PACIFIC PACIFIC 0 2030 2010 1997 1997 WORLD NATURAL GAS DEMAND BY REGION 2010 2010 2020 The most significant growth in demand is seen for Asia which is governed primarily by the demand growth in India and China Source: International Monetary Fund

  6. NATURAL GAS DEMAND PROJECTION – INDIA Natural gas demand in the country is poised to take off exponentially in the coming years

  7. WORLD NATURAL GAS RESOURCES WORLD HAS SUFFICIENT RESOURCES TO CATER TO OUR GROWING DEMAND Source: IHS

  8. RESOURCES OF NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario

  9. RESOURCES OF NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES (15 Basins only) : 400 TCF GIIP Established : 94 TCF Percentage Conversion : 23.5% UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES (CBM Gas Resources only) : 50 TCF GIIP Established : 6 TCF Percentage Conversion : 12% Source: DGH GASHYDRATE ProbableResources :1894 TCM (mainly east coast)

  10. CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES

  11. LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Established Gas provinces with huge future potential Tripura-Cachar-Mizoram Fold Belt USGS-Petrobangla Assessment puts the undiscovered Natural Gas potential in the Bangladesh part of the Fold belt as 32 TCF Resources in the Indian Part is in the order of 47 TCF

  12. LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Established Gas provinces with huge future potential Tripura-Mizoram Sector has a potential ~ 30 TCF

  13. LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Established Gas provinces with huge future potential CACHAR: THE NEXT LARGE GAS PROVINCE? Endowment 6000 Sq.Km area which forms part of Assam Arakan Fold Belt with envisaged potential of 17 TCF

  14. WEST RAJASTHAN PROGNOSTICATED RESOURCE ~ 5 TCF GAS EQ Jaisalmer-Mari high LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Established Gas provinces with huge future potential Sembar-Goru Petroleum system of Cretaceous has major Gas Fields across the border along the Jaisalmer-Mari high trend.

  15. RESOURCES OF NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Emerging Gas provinces with promising potential East Coast: Prognosticated Resources ~ 25 TCF In Place Reserves ~ 16.5 TCF The present trend of success in KG Basin and Mahanadi Basin calls for re-assessment of the resources Source: DGH

  16. MN-OSN-2000/1 ONGC ONGC LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Emerging Gas provinces with promising potential KG- OFFSHORE (ULTRA DEEP WATER)

  17. LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Emerging Gas provinces with promising potential ~260 Sq. Km with ~100 m Relief KG- OFFSHORE ULTRA DEP WATER UD-1

  18. MN-OSN-2000/2 NEC-DWN-2002/2 MN-DWN-98/3 Area-III LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Emerging Gas provinces with promising potential MAHANADI OFFSHORE

  19. ANDAMAN OFFSHORE – ENGULFED BY PRODUCING BASINS Petroliferous province encompassing: • Irrawady basin with large gas discoveries • North Sumatra basin with giant gas and oil discoveries • Andaman sea region to be established with a large hydrocarbon discovery

  20. LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Future Gas Provinces ANDAMAN OFFSHORE Established Giant gas fields in the north as well as in the south

  21. Indus Canyon Indus Fan Bombay Offshore Laxmi Ridge 100 km LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Future Gas Provinces INDUS FAN The Lower and Middle Indus basin has many major gas fields in Pakistan Cambay Basin

  22. Lr. Indus basin Kutch basin Future Gas Provinces Kutch Basin • Large Tethyan platform with marine sediments • Part of Lower Indus petroleum province with proved potential in Pakistan – several large discoveries. • Source rocks in Cretaceous, are observed in Kutch as well as in Lower Indus Basin. Mid. Jurassic Plate Reconstruction Goru-Semabar fairway (Modified after Wandrey et.al.)

  23. RESOURCES OF NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Future Gas Provinces FRONTIER ONLAND BASINS: Prognosticated Resources ~ 346 TCF In Place Volume ~ 18 TCF Only 5% of the resources have been converted so far leaving a huge potential; calls for immediate attention Source: DGH

  24. LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Future Gas Provinces GONDWANA BASINS Bengal and Purnea Basins are also likely candidates • Analogous Petroliferous Basins • Cooper & Gippsland basins, Australia • Parana & Reconcavo basins, Brazil • Karoo Basin, S. Africa

  25. LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Future Gas Provinces HIMALAYAN FOOTHILLS • HYDROCARBON SHOWS: • 10 SURFACE GAS SEEPAGES IN HP • 11 SURFACE GAS SEEPAGES IN J&K • 06 GAS SHOWS IN WELLS

  26. JABERA # 1 VINDHYAN BASIN ~3000 m3/day 2 1 JABERA HALF GRABEN LOOKING FOR NATURAL GAS The Indian Scenario Future Gas Provinces VINDHYAN BASIN The basin has a close similarity to the Lena – Tunguska petroleum province of eastern Siberia Most of the discoveries in Lena – Tunguska have been gas and the largest are in Proterozoic reservoirs.

  27. VINDHYAN BASIN Geochemical Survey Sites In Chambal Valley Of Vindhyan Basin Showing Oil/Gas Pointers Source: DGH The total HC resources of Vindhyan basin are assessed to be ~1270 MMtOE (KDMIPE, 2004)

  28. UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES

  29. WORLD’S POTENTIAL UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCES The Unconventional Resources are likely to provide Gas for a longer duration than what the Conventional Resources have so far

  30. UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES CBM Exploration India is the third largest producer of coal and present estimates of coal reserves are about 248 billion tons with 99% of total reserves in Gondwana and ~1% in Tertiary Well Developed Cleat Systems (OPEN) in Jharia COAL CBM: Country’s Resources 1454 BCM over 13600 sq km ONGC’s Resources 444 BCM over 3214 sq km ONGC’s Share 24% in acreage, 30% in Resources By 2011-2012, envisaged production, 1.24 BCM/year

  31. UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES LBM (Lignite Bed Methane) LBM is natural gas produced as a by-product of the Lignite formation process, stored on the internal surfaces of the organic matter TOTAL RESERVES OF LIGNITE ~ 34.6 Bt Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry (87.5%), Rajasthan (6.9%), Gujarat (4.95%), J&K (0.37%) and Kerala (0.31%). Some lignite occurrences reported in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Orissa.

  32. UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES Basin Centred Gas Accumulation (BGCA) Basinal Lows are the locales for exploring BCGA Huge potential expected in the lows within established petroleum provinces Pilot study in selected basinal lows initiated by ONGC

  33. UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) ONGC in association with Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Limited (GMDC), Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited (NLC), Gujarat Industries Power Company Limited (GIPCL), Coal India Limited (CIL) and The Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) has initiated pilot studies for UCG in India Target Reserves ~ 110 Bt, Recoverable ~ 11 Bt Estimated Producible Gas ~ 27 TCM

  34. UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES • In shale, Gas is stored as Free gas in natural fractures • Gas adsorbed onto kerogen & clay particle surfaces • Gas dissolved in kerogen & bitumen • Degree of natural fracturing is controlling factor for gas productivity • Total shale-gas resources in the U.S. ~ 500 to 1000 TCF. • ~ 35,000 producing shale-gas wells in the U.S., cum. production of about 1.1Tcf/yr (2006). Shale Gas System

  35. UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES Shale Gas System ONGC has taken up Cambay shale in Cambay Basin and Barakar Shale in Damodar Basin for shale gas exploration Samples being analyzed for source potential values, maturity, kerogen typing, and gas typing

  36. UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES GAS HYDRATES • Delineation of one of the richest marine gas hydrate accumulations yet discovered - Site 10 - in KG Basin • One of the thickest and deepest gas hydrate occurrences yet known - site 17 in the Andaman Islands from as deep as 2,000 ft below the seafloor • Existence of a fully developed gas hydrate system in the Mahanadi basin • Total Prospective area: 142845 sq km, Highly Prospective • 55850 sq km • Total Probable Reserves (mainly east coast): 1894 TCM • Gas volume bound / sq km : 4.9 BCM

  37. CHALLENGES

  38. CHALLENGES IN EXPLORATION Frontier Areas • POOR IMAGING DUE TO HIGH VELOCITY LAYER • Vindhyan, • Satpura, • Rajmahal part of Damodar Graben, • Nagpur-Wardha, and Kutch Saurashtra Basins and • Buried grabens beneath Deccan Syneclise. • IMAGING BELOW THRUST-FOLD BELT • Himalayan Thrust Fold Belt • Tripura-Cachar Thrust fold belt • IMAGING IN AREAS WITH PROFUSION OF IGNEOUS INTRUSIVES IN GONDWANA BASINS • Satpura, • South Rewa • Damodar and • Pranhita-Godavari

  39. CHALLENGES IN EXPLORATION Deep Water Areas • High cost and technology intensive • Complex Geology and difficult logistics • Often high-pressure-high-temperature in wells • Global shortage of deep water rigs • Infrastructure for transportation needs simultaneous development

  40. CHALLENGES IN EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION Unconventional Plays • Complex geology involving rapid changes in the type and quality of • reservoir • Low porosity, permeability & recovery factors • May be over or under-pressured • Low per well reserves and are thus sensitive to gas price • Fractures often critical for economic recoveries • Require hydraulic and other stimulation technologies • Have adverse environmental impacts such as water disposal, • surface and subsurface disturbances etc

  41. EMERGING SOLUTIONS Unconventional Plays • EXPLORATION • 3D seismic • Logging while drilling • Tilt fracture mapping • Micro-seismic • LIDAR (Light detection and • ranging) • Reverse Time migration • DRILLING • Horizontal drilling • Casing while drilling • Air & under-balanced drilling • Carbon tip and diamond bits • New generation top-drive rigs • COMPLETIONS • Multi-staged fracs • Slick water fracs • Propants • Steam assisted gravity drainage • Coiled tubing • SURFACE PROCESSES & TECHNOLOGIES • Multi-well pads • “Digital oil field”–field data capture • Spacing rules • Pipe-in water • Operating processes

  42. Corporate decision Market Aspects IMPERATIVES Unconventional Plays Major Issues that would impact unconventional Gas exploration and production • Geographical distribution and resource size • Technology available • Environmental impacts and issues • Market aspects • Indicative economics and incentives

  43. “The bad news is we didn’t strike oil. The good news is we didn’t find gas.” This old industry joke would cause raised eyebrows today

  44. THANK YOU

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