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Reproduction and Genetics

Reproduction and Genetics. Two Types of Reproduction. _________________- Only one parent and genetic material is identical to parent. __________________- Two parents and offspring receives genes from both parents. Asexual Reproduction. Sexual Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction.

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Reproduction and Genetics

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  1. Reproduction and Genetics

  2. Two Types of Reproduction • _________________- Only one parent and genetic material is identical to parent. • __________________- Two parents and offspring receives genes from both parents. Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

  3. Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission- asexual reproduction that occurs in single celled organisms in which genetic material is copied and one cell divides into two identical daughter cells. EX: Bacteria reproduce this way, and Yeast

  4. Asexual Reproduction Budding-an organism grows a part of of its main body and this new growth eventually breaks off to become a new organism. Ex: Hydra (simple animal similar to jelly fish)

  5. Asexual Reproduction Fragmentation- Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from a fragment of the parent. Each fragment develops into a mature, fully grown individual. Ex: Starfish, and some fungi.

  6. Sexual Reproduction • Sexual Reproduction- Type of reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells combine to form new offspring with genetic material from both parents. ***Offspring has genetic material from each parent which creates- Offspring is NOT identical to parent!

  7. Sexual Reproduction - Variation Female Gamete Male Gamete 23 Chromosomes 23 Chromosomes 46 Chromosomes

  8. Sexual Reproduction - Variation Female Gamete Male Gamete 23 Chromosomes 23 Chromosomes 46 Chromosomes

  9. Selective Breeding • When humans select organisms for breeding to get desirable traits. Breeding chickens that lay the most eggs

  10. Gregor Mendel – was an Austrian monk born in 1822 who is known as the “father of genetics” Genetics – the scientific study of heredity Heredity – the passing of traits from parents to offspring • Traits are inherited by parents passing alleles to their offspring (1 allele from dad & 1 allele from mom) • Allele= different forms of the same gene (ex: eye color = gene; brown eyes= allele, blue eyes= allele

  11. b. Some alleles are dominant (R) and some are recessive (r) • Dominant – will always express its form of a trait when present • Recessive – will only express its form of a trait when the dominant allele is not present. Genotypes • Homozygous (rr, RR) SAME ALLELES • Heterozygous (Rr) – dominant trait always shows. DIFFERENT ALLELES

  12. Remember: DNA is found in the nucleus. It is organized into a chromosome before it is copied. Genes are located on chromosomes!! Sex cells (gametes) are produced by meiosis and have half the number of chromosomes (haploid)

  13. For every Gene or trait, an individual gets ____ alleles 2

  14. Alleles DOMINANT ____________ alleles are represented by a capital letter and are expressed even if one is present in the genotype. (Ex: BB= brown eyes, Bb= brown eyes) ___________ alleles are represented by a lower case letter, and are only expressed if the dominant allele in not present. (Ex: bb= blue eyes) RECESSIVE

  15. Mike and his three brothers all have brown hair. Mike's father has brown hair, too. Mike's mother, however, is the only family member that has red hair color. What conclusion can you draw about the gene for hair color? a. The gene for red hair is dominant over the gene for brown hair. b. The gene for brown hair is dominant over the gene for red hair. c. Neither brown nor red are dominant since they both occur in the same family. d. Red and brown genes are co-dominant.

  16. Vocabulary ______________is the combination of alleles _______________ is the trait that is expressed Genotype BB bb Bb Phenotype Brown eyes Blue Eyes

  17. Give the name of the Genotype Homozygous Dominant If both alleles are dominant (BB), we call this ____________ Brown Eyes The phenotype will be _____________________ Homozygous Recessive If both alleles are recessive (bb), we call this _________________ The phenotype will be ________________ Blue Eyes If one allele is dominant and the other is recessive (Bb), we call this __________ Heterozygous Brown Eyes The phenotype will be _________________

  18. Name the Genotype Bb= bb= BB= Heterozygous Homozygous Recessive Homozygous Dominant

  19. Give me the genotype or genotypes possible for the following phenotypes Brown Eyes = Blue Eyes = BB or Bb bb

  20. Brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b) Cross a heterozygous brown eyed man with a blue eyed woman. ________ X ________ b B b Bb bb B b b b b Bb bb 2 : 2 Phenotypic Ratio __________ Genotypic Ratio ____________ 2 : 2 : 0

  21. Brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b) Cross a heterozygous brown eyed man with a woman who is a carrier for the blue eyed trait. ________ X ________ b B B BB Bb B b Bb b Bb bb 3:1 Phenotypic Ratio _____ Genotypic Ratio ____________ 1:2:1

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