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Aggression and Rejection

Aggression and Rejection. Types of aggression. Physical vs. verbal Relational (includes ostracism) Direct and indirect Displaced Triggered displaced Active vs. passive Reactive vs. proactive Antisocial behavior vs. aggression vs. violence Operational definitions of aggression

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Aggression and Rejection

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  1. Aggression and Rejection

  2. Types of aggression • Physical vs. verbal • Relational (includes ostracism) • Direct and indirect • Displaced • Triggered displaced • Active vs. passive • Reactive vs. proactive • Antisocial behavior vs. aggression vs. violence • Operational definitions of aggression • Are these good ones?

  3. Theories of aggression—Causes and “Cures” • Instinctual • Psychoanalytic • Frustration-aggression (Dollard et al., 1939; Berkowitz, 1989) • Social learning (Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1961) • Bobo doll • Physiological arousal theories (excitation transfer; Zillman, 1979) • Scripts (Husemann, 1982) • Hostile attributional bias (Dodge, 1982) • Realistic conflict theory

  4. General Aggression Model (GAM) • Craig Anderson • Degree of hostility, automaticity, degree to which the goal is to harm victim vs. benefit perp, degree to which consequences are considered • How would these affect how we react to aggression? • How we try to reduce it?

  5. General Aggression Model • Person and situation inputs • Examples of each? • Interactions? • Present internal state • Examples? • Outcomes of appraisal and decision-making processes • Differences between auto and controlled

  6. General Aggression Model • How does this process affect aggression over time? • How does this explain terrorism? • What does it suggest about how to reduce violence?

  7. Situational effects on aggression • Weapons effect (Berkowitz) • Alcohol and primes • Heat • Media violence/video games • Bad moods • Pain • Revenge • Testosterone • Serotonin • Cocaine • Frontal lobe function

  8. How has neuroscience added to our understanding of aggression?

  9. Reducing aggression • What doesn’t work? Why? • What does work? Why? • What should we do as parents? Individuals? Society?

  10. Media effects on aggression • Why are media reports not accurate? • Does this occur in other areas of science? • What can scientists do to reduce/address this problem? • Why do people think there is less of a link than there is? • What are our obligations as scientists to the public?

  11. Rejection • How has rejection been studied? Are these equivalent? • Sociometer approach (Leary) • What are the consequences of rejection? • How does rejection make people feel? • Why are people rejected? • What purpose could rejection serve? • How does it relate to TMT? • To Commitment Insurance model?

  12. Smart Richman & Leary, 2009 • Vs. Williams’s model • First have negative emotions and lower SE • Then 1 of 3 reactions: • Make friends • Hurt the one who hurt you • Avoid further rejection

  13. Construals • Fairness of rejection • Expectations of relationship repair • Chronicity of the rejection • Value of the relationship • Costs of the rejection • Relationship alternatives • What responses do these predict? • How automatic/controlled is the model?

  14. What things might moderate which response is chosen? • What are examples of prosocial, antisocial, and withdraw responses? • Counterevidence? • How does this model explain stereotype threat? School shootings? Prejudice?

  15. Loneliness (Cacioppo) • Why are people lonely? • How does it differ for men vs. women?

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