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Sustainable Food Production: Balancing Resources and Needs

Explore methods and impacts of food production, from traditional to industrialized techniques, highlighting environmental effects and sustainability goals. Learn about nutrition, agriculture types, government policies, and solutions for a more sustainable future.

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Sustainable Food Production: Balancing Resources and Needs

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  1. Food ResourcesChapter 13 “There are two spiritual dangers in not owning a farm. One is the danger of supposing that breakfast comes from the grocery store and the other that heat comes from the furnace.” Aldo Leopold

  2. Key Concepts • Methods of producing food • Increasing food production • Environmental effects of food production • Increasing sustainability

  3. How is food produced? • Sources of food • Primary plants: wheat, corn, and rice • Primary animals: beef, pork, and chicken

  4. Major Types of Agriculture • Traditional subsistence • Traditional intensive • Plantation • Industrialized (high-input)

  5. Plantation agriculture Industrialized agriculture Nomadic herding Shifting cultivation Intensive traditional agriculture No agriculture World Food Production Fig. 13-2, p 279

  6. Producing Food By Green Revolution Techniques • High-input monoculture • Selectively bred or genetically-engineered crops • High inputs of fertilizer • Extensive use of pesticides • High inputs of water • Increased intensity and frequency of cropping

  7. Second green revolution (developing countries) First green revolution (developed countries) Major International agricultural research centers and seed banks Green Revolutions Fig. 13-6, p 282

  8. Producing Food by Traditional Techniques • Interplanting • Polyvarietal cultivation • Intercropping • Agroforestry (alley cropping) • Polyculture

  9. Food Production • Rapidly increasing • Prices decreasing • Shortages in developing countries • Approaching limits on meat production

  10. Nutrition • Undernutrition • Malnutrition • Overnutrition

  11. Environmental Effect of Food Production • Biodiversity loss • Soil • Air pollution • Water • Human health

  12. Increasing World Crop Production • Crossbreeding and artificial selection • Genetic engineering (gene splicing) • Genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) • Continued Green Revolution techniques • Introducing new foods • Working more land See Figure 13-16, p 291

  13. Kilograms of grain needed per kilogram of body weight Beef cattle 7 Pigs 4 Chicken 2.2 Fish (catfish or carp) 2 Producing More Meat • Rangeland • Pasture • Efficiency • Adaptations of rangeland plants • Range conditions and management • Environmental consequences Fig. 13-25, p 298

  14. Catching and Raising More Fish • Fisheries • Fishing Methods • Sustainable yield • Over fishing • Commercial extinction • Aquiculture • Fish farming and ranching

  15. Government Agriculture Policy • Artificially low prices • Subsidies • Elimination of price controls • Food Aid

  16. Solutions: Sustainable Agriculture • Low-input agriculture • Organic farming • More benefits to the poor • Increasing funding for research in sustainable techniques

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