GIS Basics Arcmap & arccatalog overview

1. GIS BasicsArcmap &arccatalog overview

2. Overview • GIS Concepts • ArcGIS Desktop Overview

3. GIS Concepts What is GIS What is Data Management What is Visualization How is Data Created What is Analysis

4. Three Views of GIS • Each GIS has three key parts that are used to work with geographic information

5. Four GIS functions Geographic data management Mapping and visualization Data compilation and editing Geographic analysis

6. Utility management Resource management hydrants trees sewer lines trails forest stands buildings Geographic data management • Manage geographic data to solve problems

7. Mapping and visualization • Model the real world using geographic data MountainsCalifornia CityLondon CountryJapan River Wyoming

8. Data compilation and editing • Manipulate geographic data as real world changes Old Floodplain Real worldchanges Park Road New New road

9. Age Income Education Commercial Geographic analysis • Highlight patterns and relationships in geographic data to solve problems Finding location for new coffee shop Existing coffee shop locations Demographics of area Possible locations (zoning)

10. Geographic Data Types of Geography Data Where Does Geographic Data Come From? Making Data Spatially Aware Management of Geographic data

11. Types of Geographic Data

12. Primary Data Types • Vector • Raster

13. Vector Data - Features • Real-world entities represented as shapes in map River Agricultural Land use type Historical site

14. 62053, 22845 62056, 22844 Connecting vector shapes to real places • Point: a pair of x,y coordinates • Line: a series of x,y coordinate pairs • Polygon: a line that ends at its beginning {62053,22848} 62053, 22848 62061, 22846 {62053,22845; 62056,22844; 62061,22846} 62059, 22842 62054, 22841 {62054,22841; 62059,22842; 62060,22839; 62055,22839; 62054,22841} 62060, 22839 62055, 22839

15. Types of Vector Data • Coverage • Shapefile • Geodatabase Feature Class

16. Raster data: A cell-based view • Geography is represented with cells • Good for continuous phenomena • Elevation, rainfall, temperature • Air photos • Vegetation, soil type Zoomed in very close Air Photo

17. Attribute Tables • Non-spatial table of Information • Attribute table structure: • Each row represents a feature • Each column represents a feature attribute • All Vector data has an Attribute table • Most Raster data has an Attribute table

18. Where does Geographic Data Come From?

19. Sources of Geographic Data Geographic Data can be: • Purchased • Downloaded • Manually Created • And more…

20. Manually Creating Geographic Data • Conceive the geography as data • Capture coordinates and attributes • Ground, air, or GPS capture • Construct the dataset in a GIS or 2227740, 3469392 x, y x, y 1587961, 2380708

21. Making Data Spatially Aware

22. The elements of location • Knowing a location requires: • Point of reference • Direction • Unit of measure Five paces east of the big tree

23. Location system: Latitude-longitude • Curves on a sphere • Angular units of measure (not constant distances) • Longitude: the meridian a location lies on • Latitude: the parallel a location lies on Coordinates of Giza, Egypt: 31°East 30°North or 31°13'E 30°3'N or 31°13'8"E 30°3'9"N etc.

24. No distortion Area distortion Shape distortion Distance anddirection distortion Map projections and distortion • All projections distort one or more spatial properties (shape, area, distance, direction) • Projections manage distortion in different ways • Some preserve one property at the expense of others • Some compromise on all properties • Only significant on maps of very large areas

25. Management of Geographic Data

26. Surveys Addresses Networks Vectors Annotation 3D Objects Attribute Topology Dimensions Terrain Cadastral Cartography CAD Images Defining ‘Geodatabase’ • Collection of geographic datasets • Feature classes • Raster data • Attribute tables • Native data structure for ArcGIS • Provides the ability to: • Leverage data relationships • Enforce data integrity • Create intelligent features Geodatabase

27. PersonalAccess Types of Geodatabases • Personal for Microsoft Access • File • ArcSDE technology at three levels: • Personal, workgroup, enterprise Enterprise Desktop(ArcEditor,ArcInfo) Workgroup Personal (Access) .mdb File .gdb Capacity Number of users

28. What is metadata? • An owner's manual for your geographic data • Descriptive, spatial, attribute, andprocessing history information • Good data has good metadata • How much metadata? • ArcCatalog template definescomplete and minimum standards • Some is maintainedautomatically • Do your best with the rest How was it made? What is it? Who made it? What's this? What's this?

29. Mapping and Visualization Mapping Basics Scales Symbolizing and Labeling Data

30. What Makes an Effective Map Mapping basics

31. What Makes an Effective Map? • Effective maps have: • A clear purpose • A Situation in which it will be used • An understanding of the Audience • Maps are enhanced by adding: • Legends • Labels • Scale bars • And More…

32. Map Scales

33. Scale • Ratio comparing size of map features to real-world geographic features • Represents dimensions on map versus dimensions on earth Yellowstone National Park 1 inch = 2 miles 1 : 253,440 10 miles: Grand Loop Rd to park boundary D

34. Symbolizing and Labeling Data

35. Symbology Basics • What is symbology? • Qualitative data vs. Quantitative data

36. Symbolization methods Single symbol Unique symbol Multiple attributes Charts Stacked Pie Bar Quantities Graduated symbol Graduated color Proportional symbol

37. Labels • Purpose: provide textual information on a map • Can be rendered many different ways Brown, italics, Name field Black, halo, Name field Black, halo, Elevation field

38. Bad use of labelsand symbology Good use of labelsand symbology Simple is better • Keep labels and symbology simple yet understandable • Symbology and labeling allow attribute information to be integrated into the map

39. Geographic Analysis What is Geographic Analysis

40. Analysis: The big picture Querying data Analyzing spatial relationships Solving problems with GIS

41. Solving geographic problems • Geographic inquiry process Start here Ask a question Act upon knowledge Acquire data End here or ask a new question Analyze data Explore data

42. ArcGIS Desktop Overview ArcMap ArcCatalog ArcToolbox

43. ArcMap Overview of ArcMap Mapping Views Analysis in ArcMap

44. What is ArcMap? • Main ArcGIS Application • Represents data as a collection of layers and elements • Saved with a .mxd extension

45. Parts of ArcMap • Toolbars • Data Frame • Map Layers • Coordinate Information • Table of Contents

46. Data View vs. Layout View • Layout View • Data View

47. Reference Scale • The scale at which symbols appear on a digital page at their true size, specified in page units. Scale 1:1500 Scale 1:1500 No Reference Scale Reference Scale 10,000

48. ArcCatalog Overview of ArcCatalog Data Management

49. What is ArcCatalog? • Used for: • Browsing data • Managing data • Documentation of data

50. Parts of ArcCatalog • Catalog Tree • Toolbars Preview Pane