230 likes | 330 Views
CTC 450 Review. Water Processes. Objectives. Understand the basics with respect to operation of waterworks. Operational Requirements. To maintain a system in working order (and avoid as much as possible any failures) you must know as much as possible about the overall system. Fire Hydrants.
E N D
CTC 450 Review • Water Processes
Objectives • Understand the basics with respect to operation of waterworks
Operational Requirements • To maintain a system in working order (and avoid as much as possible any failures) you must know as much as possible about the overall system
Fire Hydrants • Restrict usage for street cleaning, construction work • After use, check operation • Periodic inspections • Maintain a stock of repair parts • Drainage essential in cold climates
Valves • Installed to isolate sections of pipe • Provide periodic inspection and maintenance • Must know where they’re at to use them (good mapping; don’t pave over) • Repair or replace if needed
Cross Connection, Backflow Preventers and Meters • Inspect areas of potential high hazard (hospitals, mortuaries, industries, irrigation systems, etc) • Meters must be repaired or replaced if not working correctly
Leak Detection • Find small leaks before they become large • Can use sound wave detectors to detect leaks • Can fix small leaks by fitting a cover over the pipe • http://www.epwu.org/services/water_flow.html
Tapping Mains • Wet tap—pipe is tapped while in use • See Figure 8-1, page 240
Distribution Testing • Fire Flow Tests • Hydrant Tests (pressure and flow) • Minimum 20 psi @ designated fire flow • Dechlorinate water (vitamin C) if discharged to storm system • Flow and pressure testing to calibrate computer models
Water Treatment Process Control • Highly automated with dial-in capabilities • SCADA systems (supervisory control and data acquisition)
Water Quality Control • Some lab tests are on-line (turbidity) • Some tests are done on-site • Some tests are sent out
Sanitary Survey • Review of system to identify all areas that represent a risk to water quality and delivery
Recordkeeping • Efficient management depends on detailed recordkeeping • Water quality • Water quantity • Plant operation data • Chemicals added • Annual reports • Public notification
Water Conservation • Public education • Installation of high-efficiency plumbing fixtures • Tampa-77.2 gpcd to 38.9 gpcd • Institute water rates/meters (discourage lawn watering) • Fix leaks
Energy Conservation • Pumps major use of energy • Must understand rate schedule of utility • Can replace motors with high-efficiency motors
Water Rates • Must charge enough to cover costs • Usually charged by class (residential, commercial, or industrial)
Security • SCADA systems should be secure • Fire protection • Prevention from contamination and ability to determine contamination • Barriers around perimeter • Use of card keys, cameras, and strict protocols
Homework Assignment Not graded but fair game for the final exam
Mohawk Valley Water Authority(http://www.mvwa.us/) • Who is the Water Quality Laboratory Director? • When do the Water Board meetings occur? • What population is served? • How many service connections are there? • What is the water source used? • How large is the watershed area?
Mohawk Valley Water Authority • What system improvements are being made and what are the associated costs? • What is the raw water and finished water values for pH, alkalinity, and color? • Is fluoride added to the water? • What is the size of the raw water pipelines? • What is the LT2 Rule? • What is the minimum cost to fill a swimming pool?
Mohawk Valley Water Authority • What year did the current water treatment plant become operational? • What is the cost of bottled water per gallon versus a gallon of water from the water treatment plan? • What is the lead and copper rule? • What are measured levels of THM’s and HAA’s? Discuss results.
Mohawk Valley Water Authority • How many of 12 raw water samples tested positive for cryptosporidium in 2012? • How many of 12 raw water samples tested positive for giardia in 2012? • In 2012, did any filtered water samples test positive for crypto or giardia? • How many board members are on the Mohawk Valley Water Board Authority?
Mohawk Valley Water Authority • What is a biofilm variance? • What is the ending date of the biofilm variance?