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CTC 450 Review

CTC 450 Review. Open Channel Flow (Manning’s Equation) Applicable to sanitary/stormwater systems. Water Quality. Objectives. Understand basic laws protecting water sources Know some of the water quality acronyms. Major Laws.

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CTC 450 Review

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  1. CTC 450 Review • Open Channel Flow (Manning’s Equation) • Applicable to sanitary/stormwater systems

  2. Water Quality

  3. Objectives • Understand basic laws protecting water sources • Know some of the water quality acronyms

  4. Major Laws • 1914-Public Health Service first established drinking water standards • 1948-Water Pollution Control Act (amendments 1956 and 1965) • 1972-Clean Water Act (CWA)---(NPDES) • 1974-Safe Drinking Water Act • 1987-Water Quality Act (amendment to CWA) • Phase I stormwaterregs (1990) • Industrial site runoff • Construction sites > 5 acres • Phase II stormwaterregs (1999) • Construction sites > 1 acre • NOI/SWPPP

  5. Definitions • MCLG-maximum contaminant level goal • (non-enforceable) • MCL-Max. contaminant level • (enforceable) • MRDLG-max. residual disinfectant level goal • MRDL-max. residual disinfectant level

  6. Concept of Multiple Barriers • Protect Watershed • Treat Water • Disinfect Water • Operate distribution system at high pressure

  7. Biological Quality • No pathogens • Coliform tests

  8. Chemical Quality (Table 5-1) • Inorganics • VOC’s (volatile organic chemicals) • Synthetic organic chemicals • Disinfection by-products (THM’s) • Radionuclides (natural or artificial)

  9. Secondary Standards • Aesthetics • See table 5-3 • Aluminum • Chloride • Color • Copper • Corrosivity • Fluoride • Foaming agents • Others

  10. NPDES • National pollution discharge elimination system • Permit program for point sources • Self monitoring • EPA – responsible for implementation • States often take over primary functions (SPDES)

  11. Outfall Number 1

  12. Effluent Standards • BOD & SS < 30 mg/l • pH between 6 and 9 • Monitoring of receiving water is important • Specific chemicals can be controlled

  13. Industrial Pretreatment Program • Industrial discharges can cause problems • Municipal treatment plants may require pretreatment

  14. Groundwater • 140,000 public water systems • 100 million people

  15. Groundwater Quality • Point sources (wastewater ponds, landfills, refuse piles, buried storage tanks, deep injection well) • Management of groundwater quality • Prevention • Monitoring • Abatement • Once pollutants enter the groundwater, it is difficult to fix (not technically or economically feasible)

  16. Discharge to Seawater • Must provide outfall • Must protect water contact and noncontact uses • See effluent quality limits for ocean discharge, Table 5-6

  17. History of Water Treatment • Designing Against Disease • Filtration (1893) • Chlorination (1919)

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