The Cold War Continues

1. The Cold War Continues Battles in Faraway Places in the 1950s

2. The Evolution of the Cold War • 1946: The Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe • 1949: Chinese Revolution installed Communist government • 1950 - 1953: Korean War • Nuclear Arms Race… • 1945 US dropped atom bomb on Japan • 1949 USSR developed atom bomb • 1952 US developed hydrogen bomb • 1954 USSR developed hydrogen bomb • USSR (1957) and US (1959) developed intercontinental ballistic missiles to deliver bombs

3. The Spread of Cold War Conflict • United States sponsored anti Soviet alliances: • SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) - 1954 • Baghdad Pact (CENTO) – 1955 • OAS – Organization of American States, ca 1950 • Conflicts spread from Europe and East Asia to: • Latin America • Middle East • Southeast Asia

4. Cold War, 1959

5. Current States with Nuclear Weapons

6. Nuclear States: United States, Russia… • Britain – 1952 • France – 1960 • China - 1964 • India – 1974 • Pakistan - 1998 • Israel? • North Korea? • Iran ? Countries signing Non Proliferation Treaty in Red

7. Europe • Hungarian Uprising – 1956 • US provided moral support but does not intervene militarily • Continued tension over the status of Berlin

8. Southeast Asia

9. The Beginnings of the Vietnam Conflict • Indochina had been a French colony occupied by the Japanese during WWII • French returned in 1946 and nationalists renewed independence movement. • 1954: French defeated at Dien Bien Phu and country partitioned at 17th parallel between pro Communist and anti Communist governments • Elections for unified Vietnam were scheduled for 1956 and cancelled by South Vietnamese govt.

10. Vietnam

11. Vietnam in 1954

12. Vietnam

13. Middle East

14. Post World War II Middle East • State of Israel created from portions of Palestine by UN in 1948 • US, USSR, and European powers recognize the state of Israel • Surrounding Arab states did not recognize Israel and declared war. 1948-1949

15. British Mandate, Palestine, 1920

16. Palestine and Transjordan, 1923

17. UN Partition of Palestine, 1947

18. Israel, West Bank, Gaza, 1949

19. Suez Crisis, 1956

20. Palestine, 1947

21. Jewish and Arab Population, 1946

22. Israel, Gaza, West Bank, 1949

23. Spying and Counterinsurgency • U2 Spy Plane shot down over USSR, Gary Powers captured – 1960…but unknown to American people… • Guatemala – 1954 • CIA sponsored a coup to overthrow Jacobo Arbenz Guzman who had challenged the power of the United Fruit Company (Chiquita Bananas) • Iran – 1954 • CIA sponsored a coup to overthrew Mohammed Mossadegh. The Shah of Iran took power and granted favorable trading relations with American oil companies.

24. Cold War and Science • Space Race: • Soviets launched Sputnik satellite in 1957 • United States launched satellite in 1958 • United States created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) - 1958 • United States passed National Defense Education Act - 1958

25. The Militarization of American Society • Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act • Eisenhower promoted the bill for national defense, e.g., to protect the country in the event of invasion, and to carry troops.

26. Cold War, 1959