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FREE COMPETITION CLEANER SEAS SAFE TRANSPORTATION

FREE COMPETITION CLEANER SEAS SAFE TRANSPORTATION. International Association of Independent Tanker Owners Safe Transport, Cleaner Seas, Free Competition. SUMMARY. NEW BUILDINGS COATING OF CARGO TANKS INTERTANKO VOCON PROCEDURE BOSPHOROS. NEWBUILDING STANDARDS.

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FREE COMPETITION CLEANER SEAS SAFE TRANSPORTATION

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  1. FREE COMPETITION CLEANER SEAS SAFE TRANSPORTATION International Association of Independent Tanker Owners Safe Transport, Cleaner Seas, Free Competition

  2. SUMMARY • NEW BUILDINGS • COATING OF CARGO TANKS • INTERTANKO VOCON PROCEDURE • BOSPHOROS

  3. NEWBUILDING STANDARDS • INTERTANKO Newbuilding Awareness Guide • Contractual Terms for Newbuildings • Industry Working Group: • Overall strength • Uniform req. for fatigue analysis • Uniform corrosion margins • Negative tolerance • Quality and regulations for coating • Access for inspections • Yard choice of Class • Confidentiality Yard-Class • Guarantee period

  4. COATING OF CARGO TANKS • IACS/INTERTANKO/OCIMF WG • LAN Suggested Rulemaking • Class or IMO regulation? • All NEW oil tankers 5,000 dwt and above • Cargo tank bottom (0.5 m) – only large tankers? • Under deck (2 m down) – padding with Nitrogen as an alt.? • Coating Specification - approval & control • Surface preparation - approval & control • More Class involvement

  5. COATING OF CARGO TANKS • Type of coating (light colour in ballast tanks) • Coating duration (5, 10, 15 years?) • Batch paint samples and store for the duration of guaranty • A.798(19) & TSCF Guidelines

  6. COATING OF CARGO TANKS Coating condition : • GOOD condition, then the surveyor may decide to reduce close up inspections on areas covered with such coatings • FAIR condition, then the surveyor would inspect all areas as by ESP guidelines • POOR condition, then the surveyor would increase the close up inspections as appropriate • POOR condition and substantial corrosion, then there would be annual inspections.

  7. Air Pollution from Ships • Sources: • Engine emissions (SOx, NOx) • VOC during loading • VOC during transportation • Legislation: • MARPOL Annex VI (adopted 1997) • EU Directive 1999/32 • US Clean Air Act

  8. Unilateral LegislationThe EU Directive 1999/32/EU • The Requirements of the Directive • to Sulphur Cap all grades of Fuels within Table I of ISO 8217 (1996) to contain max 0.2% (availability, compliance with SOLAS flash point, etc.?) • Future considerations within the Directive • the Sulphur Cap will reduce to 0.1% by 1st January 2008 • to make a Sulphur Cap proposal for HFO 1% (refineries equipped to produce amounts required ?)

  9. Unilateral LegislationThe US Clean Air Act • The limits on NOx emissions: • Annex VI – 10 to 17 g/kWh (tankers 15 – 17 g/kWh) • EPA intent – 7 to 12 g/kWh (tankers 10 – 12 g/kWh) • EPA intent – smoke/particulates (not in Annex VI) (engines delivered from 01/2000 comply with Annex VI) • Monitoring of NOx engine emissions • Annex VI – test bed before installation and re-tests after overhauls • EPA intent – monitoring onboard the ship (has EPA the right to impose standards on foreign ships under Clean Air Act ?)

  10. MARPOL Annex VI additional Regulations Fuel Quality (not in EU Directive or Clean Air Act): • the fuel shall be blends of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining. This shall not preclude small amounts of additives intended to improve performance • the fuel shall be free from inorganic acid • the fuel shall not include any added substance or chemical waste which either: • jeopardises ship safety or impacts engines • harmful to personnel • contributes to air pollution

  11. MARPOL Annex VI additional Regulations Monitoring of Bunker Deliveries (not in EU Directive or Clean Air Act): • The Vessel: • Bunker Delivery notes to retained for 3 years and available for inspection by PSC officers • Sample to be taken of fuel delivered and available for PSC officers for analysis - retain for 1 year • The Bunker Supplier: • to be registered • to retain bunker delivery note for 3 years for inspection by PSC

  12. POLLUTION DUE TO NON COMPLIANCE • Strait of Dover – 500 ships passing/year • Ferries 100 • Dry cargo 120 • Tankers 60 • Containers 40 • Bulk carriers 180

  13. POLLUTION DUE TO NON COMPLIANCE • Sulphur emissions in excess of SECA • SECA – max. 1.5% sulphur content • Current average 2.8% sulphur content • Function of installed BHP, additional sulphur emission is: • 67,528 t/year (6.3% of the whole EU figures for 1998) • 1999 – 2001- 202,564tons

  14. VOC Emissions at loading • Annex VI – requires use of vapour recovery system at Terminals • State regulations in US impose limitation on emissions during loading – thus use of vapour recover lines at Terminals • VOC control at off-shore loading left with National/States regulations (Norway by 2005, Delaware & California in sight)

  15. VOC Emissions during transportation • Significant amount • No regulations in sight to limit this • EU decided to leave this with oil and tanker industry • INTERTANKO VOCON Operational Procedure – October 20001

  16. An Operational Control to limit VOC Emissions

  17. The VOCON ProjectLoss during Loading

  18. The VOCON ProjectLoss during Transportation

  19. INTERTANKO VOCON OPERATIONAL PROCEDUREreducing/controlling the time of opening p/v valve Closing Pressure Closing Pressure P/V Valve Release Mast Riser Release

  20. INTERTANKO work on COW • Revision of IMO COW Manual – introduction of Cloud Point Temperature • CRUCLEAN - increased effectiveness and efficiency of COW (in DH tankers): • better positioning of COW machines • reduce pressure at nozzle (only required to penetrate sludge) • will reduce VOC emissions (vapour and its use as a solvent crude oil) • Need sponsors for tests

  21. CONCLUSIONS • Air Pollution from ships a fraction of the total • Shipping “contribution” increases due to tight legislation on shore emissions • Need for International Standards • Enforce MARPOL Annex VI • Technology better than in 1997? • Consider improvements to Annex VI but only after its enforcement • Shipping industry (new engines; vapour return lines; VOCON) is far beyond Governments • Lack of enforcement of Annex VI – major contribution to air pollution in North/Baltic Seas

  22. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) • Oil cargoes (crude or fuel) & bunkers delivered to tankers have occasionally very high Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) concentration • SOLAS Chapter VII - Carriage of Dangerous Goods, and SOLAS Chapter II-2 part D - Fire Safety Measures for Tankers • MSDS – shippers shall submit it • Content – as per Guidelines developed by IMO

  23. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) • the correct name of the liquid • emergency procedures • fire and explosion data • general chemical properties data including additives • health data • physical properties • handling and storage recommendations including information regarding the compatibility of the product for storage in diverse types of storage containers (materials compatibility)

  24. TURKISH STRAITS • WE DO NOT HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL THE DISASTER HAPPENS BEFORE WE START TO ACT! • TO PREVNT SUCH A DISASTER, WE NEED YOUR SUPPORT • PLEASE HELP US TO ASSIST

  25. OIL CONSUMPTION & TRANSPORTATION* • Fossil fuels - 95% of energy demand (1995 – 2020) • Crude oil consumption – up 56% (1997 – 2020) • Caspian exports - up 300% (2000 – 2010) • Transportation at Sea – one (limited) alternative • Other alternatives – yet to be materialised • Tanker industry does not need an accident • Turkey needs to protect its environment • Joint Preventive Action *Source: Oil Transportaion and its Environmental Impacts on the Turkish Straits (August 1999, Environemental Fundation of Turkey)

  26. REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTTURKISH STRAITS

  27. Frequency of Traffic by Vessel’s Size Source: Oil Transportaion and its Environmental Impacts on the Turkish Straits (August 1999, Environemental Fundation of Turkey)

  28. Source: Oil Transportaion and its Environmental Impacts on the Turkish Straits (August 1999, Environemental Fundation of Turkey)

  29. *Source: Oil Transportaion and its Environmental Impacts on the Turkish Straits (August 1999, Environemental Fundation of Turkey)

  30. ACCIDENT & POLLUTION • Last 40 years – 11 major accidents in Bosphoros • 1977 Independenta & Evriyali collision • Accidents in 1998 • Bosphoros - 13 (18 ships, only 2 tankers - no pollution) • Dardanelle – 6 (7 ships, no tankers) • 111,000 tons oil entry in the Black Sea from rivers (1997) Source: Oil Transportaion and its Environmental Impacts on the Turkish Straits (August 1999, Environemental Fundation of Turkey)

  31. INTERTANKO Involvement-what can we contribute with- • International experince with legislation and procedures of safe navigation through other confined waters • Use of ”The Strait of Istanbul, Sea of Marmara and the Strait of Canakkale Routenign Guide” • Traffic Separation Scheme Routeing Chart • Turkish Straits Reporting System (TUBRAP) • Traffic only if good visibility • Bridge Management Team • Senior presence in engine control room • Master/Pilot Exchange Information Form, etc.

  32. INTERTANKO Involvement-what feedback we could give- • Report when inconsistent application of rules • Incidents/accidents with pilots onboard • Salvage Fees for ”non – events” • Tug escort does not guarantee immediate passsage • Significant delays • Problems to accept LOG from 1st class P&I

  33. INTERTANKO Involvement-what action we could suggest- • Coordination of efforts for a free BUT safe transit • Joint search for safety measures and quality ships • Awareness of the navigational risks • MOU with the authorities provided: • tankers strictly follow the measures • local authorities, pilots, tugs strictly implement the measures • open feed-back information and corrective action • Co-peration with Authorities, Oil Companies, TURMEPA and Chamber of Shipping • Leading role by a local body (Chamber of Shipping) • Commitment to Executive level

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