to Gaze implies more than to look at it signifies a psychological relationship

1. to Gaze implies more than to look at it signifies a psychological relationship

3. Several key forms of gaze can be identified • the spectator’s gaze: the gaze of the viewer at an image of a person • the intra-diegetic gaze: a gaze of one depicted person at another (or at an animal or an object) within the world of the image • the direct address to the viewer: the gaze of a person depicted in the image looking ‘out of the frame’ as if at the viewer • the look of the camera - the way that the camera itself appears to look at the people; less metaphorically, the gaze of the photographer.

4. In addition, there are several other types of gaze which are less often mentioned: • the gaze of a bystander - outside the world of the image, the gaze of another individual watching the spectator in the act of viewing. Have you ever watched someone in a museum? • the averted gaze - a depicted person’s noticeable avoidance of the gaze of another, or of the camera lens or artist (and thus of the viewer) - this may involve looking up, looking down or looking away • the gaze of an audience within the text - certain kinds of popular televisual texts (such as game shows) often include shots of an audience watching those performing in the 'text within a text';

5. It is useful to note how directly a depicted person gazes out of the frame. A number of authors have explored this issue in relation to advertisements in particular. • In his study of women’s magazine advertisements, Trevor Millum distinguished between these forms of attention: • attention directed towards other people; • attention directed to an object; • attention directed to oneself; • attention directed to the reader/camera; • attention directed into middle distance, as in a state of reverie; • direction or object of attention not discernible.

8. Julia Margaret Cameron Charles Darwin

9. For I am the Queen Mother

10. Sadness

11. Mountain Nymph

12. The Echo

15. Alice Boughton Untitled

16. Unidentified

17. Unidentified A Chat

18. Palmer Instructor with Three Graduates with Diplomas and Geraniums

21. Southworth and Hawes Woman in Floral Bonnet and Zig-Zag Dress

22. A Conversation Piece

23. E.J. Bellocq Storyville Portrait

24. Storyville Portrait

25. Bill Brandt Portrait of a Young Girl

26. Harry Callahan Eleanor

27. Eleanor

28. Emmet Gowin Ruth and Edith

29. Nancy

30. Edith

31. Edith

32. Nadar Self-Portrait

33. Woman in profile

34. Sarah Bernhardt

35. The Photographer’s Wife

36. Irving Penn Tennessee Williams

37. Three Rissani Women

38. Richard Avedon Marilyn Monroe

39. Beekeeper

41. Uranium Miner

42. You are not simply taking a portrait. You are studying the way you look at your subject, the way your subject is looking back, and the relationship you are establishing between the viewer and that subject.