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Thumbnail sketch of some research on planning

Thumbnail sketch of some research on planning. Pianko found mainstream writers waited longer to begin writing than basic writers. Bereiter & Scardamalia found adults waited longer to begin writing than children. B&S found adult writers made more use of notes than children.

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Thumbnail sketch of some research on planning

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  1. Thumbnail sketch of some research on planning

  2. Pianko found mainstream writers waited longer to begin writing than basic writers.

  3. Bereiter & Scardamalia found adults waited longer to begin writing than children.

  4. B&S found adult writers made more use of notes than children. NOTES Final Text Children Editing/ Verbatim Transcription Adults Moving from non-linear data to linear text

  5. Kennedy found fluent readers did more planning than non-fluent readers

  6. Kennedy found fluent readers directly referred to sources while planning rather than drafting.

  7. Torrance, Thomas & Robison found planning led to higher quality writing than revising.

  8. In reviewing research on the writing process, Charney has this to say: • Experienced writers’ processes seem to be recursive; drafting can lead to more planning, as can revising. • Most experienced writers spend some time planning before writing out drafts with connected prose. • However, different writers prefer different starting points and different ways of proceeding. • Experienced writers tend to be willing to reconsider their strategies and plans.

  9. References • Bereiter, Carl, and Marlene Scardamalia. The Psychology of Written Composition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1987. Print. • Charney, Davida. “Teaching Writing as a Process.” Strategies for Teaching First-Year Composition. Ed. Duane Roen, Veronica Pantoja, Lauren Yena, Susan K. Miller, Eric Waggoner. Urbana, IL: National Council for Teachers of English, 2002. 92-96. • Kennedy, Mary Lynch. "The Composing Process of College Students Writing from Sources." Written Communication 2 4 (1985): 434-56. Print. • Pianko, Sharon . "A Description of the Composing Processes of College Freshman Writers," Research in the Teaching of English, 13 (1979): 5-22. Print. • Torrance, Mark., Glyn V. Thomas, and Elizabeth .J. Robinson. “The effect of outlining and rough drafting strategies on the quality of short essays.” Paper presented at EARLI SIG Writing Conference. Utrecht. , E. J. (1994). Print.

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