Spanish Settlements

1. How Texas’ first settlements were established Spanish Settlements

2. ...by replacing local culture Spanish only Christian names Spanish style settlements and activities Catholicism only King and viceroy “chain of command” General Spanish colonizing concepts Spread Spanish culture.... • Language • names • Lifestyle and culture • Religion • government

3. Types of settlement • Missiones (Missions) • Presidios (Forts) • Pueblos (Villages)

4. Priests brought Spanish culture to the Indians with...

5. missions A self-sufficient community of : • converted, Hispanicized Indians... • living around a Catholic church... • working together to provide all necessary foods and products.

6. missions • Church built first • Other buildings built over time • Planted crop fields • Raised animal herds • Learned language, math, religion • Ranching began here • Indians “had to” stay

7. A view inside a larger mission Father's apartments convent church gate Animal pen Crops for fathers apartments

8. Pueblos Spanish for villages Civilian settlements • Often grew around a Presidio (fort) • Or on a major road-El Camino Real, etc. • Run by an Alcalde (mayor) and the... • Ayuntamiento (elected city council)‏

9. Presidios (Spanish for Forts)‏ • Protected missions • Military settlements • Soldiers are settlers/farmers • Family lives there too • Raised own food • Underpaid • under equipped • Far from Mexico's help

10. A view inside a presidio

11. generate enough food and products provide enough protection settle at missions For the system to work • Missions had to • Presidios had to • Indians had to

12. In reality,several factors contributed to the general failure of the Spanish colonial system Success and failure

13. Basic factors Not enough • Soldiers • Money • Settlers • Friendly Indians Too many • Harsh conditions • Hostile Indians • Miles between settlements

14. closure • Cost • lack of government support • led to Spain closing many missions during the 1700’s