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HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY

Explore the impactful works of Jacob Riis, Lewis Hine, and other 20th-century photographers advocating for social change through vivid imagery. Their photographs of poverty, child labor, and migrant workers shed light on societal issues, leading to significant reforms. Learn the history and impact of documentary photography in shaping American society.

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HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY

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  1. HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY PART 5 “Capturing Reality” Documentary Photography of the 20th Century

  2. Jacob Riis • Immigrant to US-part of new flood hitting US in Late 1800’s • Experienced poverty and depression • Became Police reporter for the NY Tribune and Associated Press Bandits Roost - 1888

  3. Jacob Riis • Recorded the deplorable conditions of tenement houses, police stations, and the homeless • Recorded decades of exploitation and neglect by politicians and landlords • Moral anger moved him to expose truth Five Cents Lodging -1889

  4. Jacob Riis Men’s Room Lodging, 4th St. Station -1892 • His criticism helped bring about the appointment of the Tenement Housing Commission • 1888- Leaves for the Evening Sun Basement of Pub in Mulberry Bend, 3am -1890

  5. How the Other Half Lives Home of Italian Rag-Picker-1888 • Book with images, written by Riis in 1890 • Became a landmark of American social reform • Targeted at those who would ordinarily look the other way • Inspired Teddy Roosevelt to seek reforms -called Riis, “the best American I ever knew”

  6. Jacob Riis Women’s Lodging Room, 47th St. Station - 1892 Police Station Lodger, A Plank for a Bed - 1890 • Later wrote: The Children of the Poor-1892 • Out of Mulberry St.- 1898 • The Making of an American- 1901 • Children of the Tenements- 1903

  7. LEWIS HINE • Worked at school as teacher, and school photographer • Used camera as teaching tool • Inspired by work of Jacob Riis • In 1904 took class to Ellis Island on field trip-changed his life forever • Documented immigrants experience on Ellis Island Ellis Island, Slavic Immigrant -1905

  8. Lewis Hine • 1907-goes to Pittsburgh, PA, participates in demographic survey • Uses photography to document lives of workers • Helps establish 10 hr. work day, workman’s comp. • Commits to documentary photography for social change Boy lost arm running saw in box factory - 1909

  9. Lewis Hine Child Cotton Picker - 1913 • 1908- hired by National Child Labor Committee • Begins 10 yr. crusade against child labor • Travels around country documenting working conditions • Encounters tons of resistance • Ultimate outcome -country outlaws child labor (sends kids to school instead)

  10. Lewis Hine(child labor photos) Girl Worker in Cotton Mill - 1908 (above) One of many young boys on night shift at West Virginia glass factory-1908 (right)

  11. Lewis Hine Midnight on Brooklyn Bridge -1906 (above) Spinner in New England Mill-1913 (right)

  12. Lewis Hine Mississippi Cannery, Shrimp Picker-5 yrs old -1911 (above) Child picking Long Island Potatoes-1912 (above)

  13. Lewis Hine Breaker Boys in Mine -1911 (top right) Breaker Boys, Pennsylvania-1910 (above) Group of Breaker Boys-1911 (bottom right)

  14. Lewis Hine(Photos of the American worker) • 1918-goes off to World War I with Red Cross • Documents war - changes him dramatically • No longer wants to document suffering • Focuses on dignity and pride of the American Worker • 1930- Official photographer of the Empire State Building project Welding on a Skyscraper- 1931

  15. Lewis Hine(Empire State Building project) Riveters working on Mooring Mast - E.S.B.-1930 View of Empire State Building from Street - 1930-31

  16. Lewis Hine Man on Girders, Mooring Mast, Empire State Building-1931 (above) Icarus Atop Empire State Building-1931 (right)

  17. Lewis Hine Lunch time and a Smoke - 1930-31

  18. THE DEPRESSION YEARS(and beyond)

  19. Government agency that: Made loans to farmers Engaged in land renewal Organized camps for migrant farm workers Historical Section: Gather photographic documentation of current American agriculture Recorded the plight of America’s poor Became vehicle to sell Roosevelt’s programs Provided pictures to newspapers, magazines free of charge Roy Stryker-hired team of photographers (now considered legends in photographic history) The Farm Security Administration(FSA)

  20. Dorothea Lange • Most widely known and famous female photographer • Documented the migrant worker and poor conditions in which they lived White Angel Bread Line-1932

  21. Dorothea Lange Ditched, Stalled, and Stranded, San Joaquin Valley, Ca.-1935 Crossroads Store, Alabama -1937

  22. Dorothea Lange Stranded on Edge of Pea Field, Imperial Valley, CA -1937

  23. Dorothea Lange Migrant Mother, Nipomo, CA -1936

  24. Arthur Rothstein • 1935-Hired by Roy Stryker and the FSA • 1936-Memorable work of dustbowl of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas (definitive work) • 1940 - Joins Look magazine • During WWII-serves in Office of War Information as Army photo officer • 1946-1971 returns to Look magazine Willie S. Pettaway- 1937

  25. Arthur Rothstein End of School Day- 1937 Home of the Pettways, now inhabited by Negroes. At Gees Bend, Alabama, -1937

  26. Arthur Rothstein Dust storm, Oklahoma -1936

  27. Arthur Rothstein Girl at Gees Bend, Alabama-1937

  28. Arthur Rothstein Dust storm, Cimmaron County -1936

  29. Walker Evans • FSA work helped establish and define his work • Documented American life before and after the depression • Straight forward, yet artistic style • Famous Books of his work: • Let Us Now Praise Famous Men • American Photographs • Fortune Magazine (20 yrs.) as Associate Editor free to pursue his own projects Burroughs Family Cabin, Hale County, Alabama -1936

  30. Walker Evans(Pre-FSA work) 42nd St., NY -1929 Couple at Coney Island, NY -1928

  31. Walker Evans City Lunch Counter, NY -1929 Girl on Fulton Street, NY -1929

  32. Walker Evans Citizen in Downtown Havana -1933 Torn Movie Poster - 1931

  33. Walker Evans (FSA) Roadside stand near Birmingham, Alabama – 1936 Hale Co., Alabama -1936

  34. Walker Evans Garage in Southern City Outskirts -1936 Houses and Billboards in Atlanta, Georgia -1936

  35. Walker Evans Graveyard, Houses, and Steelmill, Bethlehem, PA.-1935 Grave -1936

  36. Walker Evans (post-FSA) Subway Passenger - 1941 Main Street in Pennsylvania Town-1935

  37. Walker Evans(color work) Junked Cars, Connecticut- 1973-74 Sign in Window - 1973

  38. Gordon Parks • First well known professional African-American Photographer • 1942 - Started with the FSA • Well-rounded - writer, poet, novelist, composer, filmmaker • Wrote, directed, produced - The LearningTree • Directed Shaft • Style - more direct than poetic, more realistic than sentimental American Gothic -1942

  39. Gordon Parks Ella Watson and her Grandchildren - 1942

  40. Gordon Parks Chain Gang, Alabama - 1956 Beggar Man, Paris- 1950

  41. Gordon Parks Drug Store Cowboys, Blind River, Ontario - 1955

  42. Gordon Parks • 1949- Starts working for LIFE magazine • Does photo essays about American life, shows another side of America • Later photographs fashion, and artistic still lives • Notable LIFE features: • FlavioDeSilva story (1961) • Black Muslims (1963) • Death of Malcolm X (1965) • Death of Martin Luther King (1968) • Black Panthers and the Police (1970) Malcolm X (addressing Black Muslims, Chicago, IL.-1963

  43. Gordon Parks Muhammed Ali in Training, Miami, FL - 1966 Bill Walker - 1943

  44. Gordon Parks

  45. Gordon Parks

  46. Gordon Parks

  47. Gordon Parks

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