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Physical Development

Physical Development. Involves the growth and change in a person’s body and bodily functions. Physical development involves both physiological and motor development. Motor Skills. Are skills which enable us to move and control our bodies.

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Physical Development

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  1. Physical Development Involves the growth and change in a person’s body and bodily functions. Physical development involves both physiological and motor development.

  2. Motor Skills • Are skills which enable us to move and control our bodies. • They can be divided into gross (large) and fine(small) motor skills. • Both gross and fine motor skills require practise and opportunity to develop muscle strength, balance and co-ordination.

  3. Gross Motor Skills Gross motor skills involve co-ordination of the large muscles. For example: crawling, walking, climbing, etc. http://www.physiotherapyfoundation.ca/images/stock_pix/Baby-Boy-walking.jpg

  4. Fine Motor Skills Fine motor skills involve co-ordination of the small muscles (manipulation). For example: grasping, turning knobs, drawing, etc. http://goodtoknow.media.ipcdigital.co.uk/111%7C000001fdb%7C794c_orh100000w614_toddler-drawing.jpg

  5. Physical changes during Infancy The infant’s growth: • A period of rapid growth • Weight usually doubles by 6 months and is three times birth weight by 12 months • Length and height changes are equally rapid • Muscles, bones and nerve tissues mature (See: Kearns, 2010 Birth to big school pages 80 – 98)

  6. Fostering Physical Skills of Infants http://www.elc.udel.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/infant-300x225.jpg http://bornangels.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/baby-crawling-300x183.jpg

  7. Fostering Physical Skills of Infants Educators need to: • Provide a balanced , nutritious diet • Follow infant’s lead in exploring the physical environment • Offer appropriate encouragement • Provide a clean, safe and stimulating environment • Provide variety • Allow for repetition and mastery • Include music to stimulate movement • Monitor each child for a range of physical skills and note frustrations etc.

  8. Gross Motor Development During Toddlerhood http://sheldonbrown.com/images/9305N14R25irst%20Bike.jpg

  9. Gross Motor Development During Toddlerhood The Toddler: • Walks well with feet slightly apart • Stops for obstacles • Walks backwards • Displays much energy • Show more flexibility at knees and ankles • Displays better balance • Now runs • Walks upstairs (two feet per step) • By 30-36 months walks downstairs • Jumps off bottom step, one foot leading the other • Kicks a large stationary ball • Pushes a tricycle along with feet http://img.ehowcdn.com/article-page-main/ehow/images/a06/6r/k7/develop-fine-gross-motor-skills-800x800.jpg

  10. Supporting Toddler’s Gross Motor Skills Educators need to provide a range of play equipment: • Wooden tricycles • Trolleys • Stepping stones • Large balls • Bean bags • Small tunnels • Large cardboard boxes http://kennedymontessori.com/resources/_wsb_400x242_Toddler+outside.JPG

  11. Fine Motor Development During Toddlerhood http://img.ehowcdn.co.uk/article-new/ehow/images/a08/7a/oc/ideas-sand-pit-children-800x800.jpg

  12. Fine Motor Development During Toddlerhood The Toddler: • By 18 months uses a spoon well • Builds with stacking blocks • Pushes in large puzzle pieces • Strings large beads with a stiff threader • Uses two hands to cut with scissors • Grasps a pencil between thumb and forefinger (pincer grip) • Hammers large knobs and wooden pegs and turn knobs • Undresses well though finds dressing more difficult

  13. Supporting Toddler’s Fine Motor Skills Educators need to provide or encourage: • Spoon and cup play in both dramatic play and in the sandpit • Appropriate sized buttons and zippers on clothing • Puzzles with large pieces • Large beads for threading • Thick paint brushes • Nesting cups • Water play http://www.toddler-activities-at-home.com/image-files/toddler-blocks.jpg

  14. Gross Motor Development during the Preschool Years(See Kearns 2010 handout – pages 18-24 http://www.playlsi.com/Explore-Products/Product-Lines/Outdoor-Playsystems/PlayShaper/PS-Climbers/ABC-Climber/PublishingImages/ABCCLimber_360.jpg?wax-srv=iabNMY-ydi$fq9Ls1vI0RA71

  15. Fine Motor Development during the Preschool YearsSee Kearns 2010 pages 18-24 http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=preschoolers+self+help+skills&start=84&hl=en&safe=active&gbv=2&biw=1152&bih=658&tbm=isch&tbnid=6je0AXQNOxwQJM:&imgrefurl=http://

  16. Motor Development During Middle Childhood • Children develop, refine and find new ways to extend basic skills gained in early childhood (running, balancing, hopping, drawing) • Skill development can be observed through ball play, bike riding, skipping, dancing, writing etc. • There are a wide range of individual differences related to practice and inherited characteristics • Boys tend to be stronger than girls but girls display more muscular flexibility http://www.riverchaseumc.org/clientimages/34137/recreation_ministry/rebounders.jpg

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