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Understand the processes of diffusion and osmosis, including their definitions, examples, and factors that affect them. Explore the concept of concentration gradient and how it influences particle movement. Learn about the conditions of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions in osmosis.
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Diffusion & Osmosis Ch 8
Diffusion Definition: Net movement of particles from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration Example: _____________________________ high low The smell of popcorn traveling across the room
Diffusion results from the _________ movements of particles (Brownian motion) • Diffusion is a ________ process random SLOW
rate • 3 factors affect the ________ (how quickly or slowly) of diffusion • ________________ If you increase ________ then ______________________ • ________________ If you increase ________ then __________________________ • ________________ If you increase ________ then _______________________ Temperature Temp. it will move more Conc. Concentration it will diffuse more rapidly Pressure Pressure it will increase diffusion
Eventually… the particles will become _______ distributed • The condition in which there is continuous movement, but no overall concentration change is called __________________ evenly dynamic equilibrium
The difference in concentration of a substance across a space is called _______________________ concentration gradient High concentration concentration gradient Low concentration
In the case with diffusion, particles are moving from an area of _____ concentration to an area of _____ concentration; therefore, the substance is said to move ______ the concentration gradient. high low with
Another example of diffusion: Oxygenin the air sacs of lungsdiffuses into capillaries Particles constantly move & bounce off each other and other surfaces
Osmosis Definition: Diffusion of water across a _________________ membrane Osmosis is a special example of __________ Semi-permeable diffusion
Osmosis Example: Absorption of water by plant roots
Osmosis • It is important to notice that __________________ molecules do not cross the membrane, but _______ molecules do cross during osmosis • Osmosisoccurs in both plant and animal cells and there are three conditions that typically appear. large impermeable H20
same • Isotonic Solution • Concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the _______ as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell. • Hypotonic solution • Concentration of dissolved substances is _______ in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell • Hypertonic solution • Concentration of dissolved substances is ________ outside than the concentration inside the cell less greater
ISOTONIC SOLUTION 10% salt HYPOTONIC SOLUTION cell 10% salt 2% salt HYPERTONIC SOLUTION cell 10% salt 25% salt cell 10% salt
ISOTONIC SOLUTION 10% salt HYPOTONIC SOLUTION cell 10% salt 2% salt HYPERTONIC SOLUTION cell 10% salt 25% salt cell 10% salt Equal movement in and out More H2O in than out More H2O out than in
Here is what happens when more water exits or more water enters