The American Colonies

1. The American Colonies

3. Jamestown, VA May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers

4. WHY? For what reasons did individuals come to America?

5. Colonizing America • Wealth

6. Colonizing America • Religious dissent

7. Types of Colonies • Royal Colonies • King • Ruled by royal governor

8. Types of Colonies • Proprietary • Individuals or groups • King gifted land

9. Types of Colonies • Charter • Established by charters • King • Colonies governed themselves

10. Regional Divisions

11. New England Colonies

12. Massachusetts (1620) • Pilgrims (Plymouth) • Separatists • wanted to separate from the Anglican Church • 1st Thanksgiving • Mayflower Compact • 41 men drew up the agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony; signed on the Mayflower • 1620

13. Massachusetts (1630) • Puritans • Purify and reform Anglican Church • Massachusetts Bay Colony • Strict religious beliefs; radical • John Winthrop “for we must Consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the enemies of all people are upon us; so that if we shall deal falsely with our god in this work we have undertaken and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us” City Upon A Hill, 1630

14. New Hampshire (1630) • John Mason • English and Scots-Irish settlers • Economic freedom • Settled for religious freedom • Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and economic rules of the Puritans • Royal Colony

15. Rhode Island (1636) • Roger Williams • Exiled by Puritans in Mass. settled in Providence • Religious freedom • Trade • Connecticut (1636) • Thomas Hooker • Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious freedom) • Asked to leave by Mass. • Agriculture and trade

16. Middle Colonies

17. New York (1626) • Peter Minuit • Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English • Trade and profits • Anglican • Proprietary to royal colony • New Jersey (1660) • Lord Berkley • Established by Sweden became English • Agriculture, trade and profits • Proprietary to royal colony • Delaware (1638) • Peter Minuit • Dutch, Swedish and English • Farming, trade and profits • Proprietary

18. Pennsylvania (1682) • William Penn • Proprietary • Home to many European Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German • Farming • Quakers • Equality and all possessed “Inner Light” • Pennsylvania

19. Southern Colonies

20. Virginia (1607) • Jamestown • 1st permanent settlement mostly males (indentured servants and treasure hunters) • 60/900 colonists survived • Ruled by John Smith • Founded by the Virginia Company • Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling stocks/shares to investors • Becomes royal House of Burgesses (1619)-22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colony

21. Maryland (1634) George Calvert Religious freedom for Catholics Established for trade, finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent Farming Proprietary

22. Maryland Act of Toleration • 1649 • Granted freedom of worship for all Catholics • Symbolic beginning of freedom of religion

23. North Carolina (1653) • Group of proprietors: business venture • Settlers from Virginia • Farming, trade and profit • Anglican • South Carolina (1670) • Group of proprietors • Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish • Food crops • Anglican • Proprietary to royal • Georgia (1733) • General James Oglethorpe • Spanish settlements taken by English • Debtors and convicts protect colonies from Spanish and French invasions • Slow economic growth farmed, harvested lumber and traded furs

24. The Charter of Carolina 1663

25. Ethnic and Religious Diversity

26. Discrimination in Massachusetts • Salem Witch Trials

27. Discrimination in Massachusetts • Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams • Banished from Massachusetts

28. Discrimination • African Americans • Free • Slaves • Native Americans • Pushed off land by westward settlers

29. Religious Tolerance • Roger Williams Providence, RI • Pennsylvania • English Quakers • German Lutherans • Scotch-Irish Presbyterians • Swiss Mennonites • New York linguistic and cultural diversity • First synagogue

30. Colonial Economy

31. Economic Diversity: -South= Agriculture -North = Commerce -Towns and cities develop along water

32. Economy • Mercantilism • Economic policy • Europe • Way to get rich • Export more than you import Effect= Britain creates rules for colonial trade

33. Commerce and Immigrants (New England) • Port cities • Boston • Immigrant population increases due to religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch) • More towns in North than Southern colonies • Use town meetings to govern

34. New England Colonies • Shipbuilding • Fishing • Smaller farms self-sufficient

35. Middle Colonies’ Economy • Diverse in people and business • Less slaves • Shops, homes and farms

36. Middle Colonies’ Economy • Farming • Wheat, barley, rye • Commerce • Access to water • Shipping overseas • New York and Philadelphia

37. Southern Economy • John Rolfe and tobacco • Virginia, Maryland, NC • Plantations develop • Need for labor • Indentured servants • Agree to work for landowner • 4-7 years • slavery

38. Southern Plantation Systems • Exported cash crops to make money • Creates: (1) Large farms around rivers (2) Need for lots of labor (3) Wealthy class of plantation owners

40. Slave Trade • First slaves were captured Native Americans • African slave trade flourished by 1700s • Slaves endured a harsh voyage: Middle Passage • Widespread use in Southern colonies

41. Colonial Society Ethnic Diversity -African Americans -Native Americans Class Distinctions • Women • Wealth = power

43. Bacon’s Rebellion • Virginia, 1676 • Cause: Small farmers treated unfairly; wealthy landowners paid fewer taxes and received many benefits • Nathaniel Bacon • Failed! • Result: Need for representation in government for the “common man”

44. Colonial Government • Britain allows the colonies to govern themselves • Salutary neglect • Colonial legislatures hold the power

45. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies • Ancient Greece (800-510 BC) • Greeks practiced democracy • People vote directly • Romans created a republic (500 BC) • Representative democracy

46. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies • Middle Ages (400-1500 AD) • Republics fade • Autocracies develop • Government ruled by a single sovereign • Renaissance (1450 AD) • “Rebirth” • Reconnection to ancient Greece and Rome • Classical republicanism

47. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies • Post Middle Ages • Limited government • Government that must obey a set of laws • Usually a written document • Magna Carta or “Great Charter” (1215 AD) • Prevented king from imposing taxes • Needed approval of a council  British Parliament • English Bill of Rights (1689 AD) • Power to Parliament • King could not interfere with Parliamentary elections or impose taxes • Common Law • Originated in Middle Ages • Law based on tradition or past court decisions instead of written statutes

48. The English Government • Magna Carta (The Great Charter) • Guaranteed rights and liberties to the English people that could not be cancelled by later laws - Common Law-evolved from the Magna Carta; unwritten laws based on customs, usage and precedents

49. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies • Enlightenment (1600s) • Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) • All people are born with certain rights • Protect one’s own life  lead to chaos • Strong government is needed • Abuses by government = price of maintaining peace and order

50. The Second Treatise of Civil Government • 1. What is Locke’s argument? • 2. What evidence does he give to support it? • 3. Do you agree or disagree with his point about preserving mankind? Why?