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UNIT 5: ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING THEORIES

UNIT 5: ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING THEORIES. ADVOCACY PLANNING THEORY. Background/History of Advocacy in Planning: Failure of rational-comprehensive and incremental planning approaches to deal with poverty and exclusion Growing power and ‘arrogance’ of Planners.

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UNIT 5: ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING THEORIES

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  1. UNIT 5: ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING THEORIES

  2. ADVOCACY PLANNING THEORY Background/History of Advocacy in Planning: • Failure of rational-comprehensive and incremental planning approaches to deal with poverty and exclusion • Growing power and ‘arrogance’ of Planners ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  3. ADVOCACY PLANNING THEORY Background/History of Advocacy in Planning: • A statement by a planner in the Newcastle Council Planning Department: • “You’ve got to have a touch of arrogance to be a planner—and the basic confidence to know that you’re right even when you’re wrong, and the present City Planning Officer is such a man”, (Davies, 1972, cited Allmendinger, 2002, p. 136) • Search for a New Approach ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  4. ADVOCACY PLANNING THEORY Meaning and Origin of ‘Advocacy Planning’: • What do you understand by ‘Advocacy Planning’? • Advocacy Planning emerged as another alternative to RCPM • Its main Proponents: • Paul Davidoff (1965) in his famous article, “Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning" ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  5. ADVOCACY PLANNING THEORY Main features of ‘Advocacy Planning’: • Provision of ‘Planning Services’ to low-income and minority neighbourhoods • Akin to legal services provided by a lawyer • Advocate Planners to be hired by neighbourhoods themselves or the city government ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  6. ADVOCACY PLANNING THEORY Main features of ‘Advocacy Planning’: • ‘Public interest’ determined through debate or consensus building among the Advocate Planners • Several plans prepared by and debated among various the advocates ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  7. ADVOCACY PLANNING THEORY Criticisms • Too tasking and difficult for the planners involved • Advocate Planners are demographically different from their ‘clients’ • Raises expectations among the poor that cannot be met • It further weakens the political influence of the poor ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  8. RADICAL PLANNING THEORY Meaning and Characteristics • Based on Marxist critique of RCPM: • RCPM separates doing planning from the socio-economic and political environment within which planning takes place • City or regional planning in the rational mode seen by Radicals as an instrument of Western capitalism ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  9. RADICAL PLANNING THEORY Meaning and Characteristics • Radicals call for a more progressive approach to planning, following not-satisfactory-enough outcomes of Advocacy Planning experiments • Call for decentralization, ecological attentiveness and spontaneous activism guided by a vision of self-reliance and mutual aid • Radical planning emphasizes the importance of personal growth, cooperative spirit, and freedom from manipulation by anonymous forces ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  10. RADICAL PLANNING THEORY Meaning and Characteristics • It calls for structural changes to promote equality, participation and legitimacy in planning • Proponents: • Based on several Marxist writings, e.g. Stephen Grabow and Alan Heskin's (1973) Critique • Radical planning is an ambiguous tradition; no clear road map for doing planning ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  11. TRANSACTIVE PLANNING THEORY Meaning and Characteristics: • Main proponent: John Friedmann (1973) • Rejects planning approaches that view people/ communities as ‘anonymous target beneficiaries’ • Focuses on face-to-face contacts between planners and those affected • More emphasis on collaboration, participation, dialogue and mutual learning than surveys and analyses • Characterized by decentralized planning and institutions that enable people to have greater control over social processes ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  12. TRANSACTIVE PLANNING THEORY Meaning and Characteristics: • Planner seen more as a Facilitator or Communicator and less as a Technician • Effectiveness of Planning measured not merely in terms of what it does for people but also in terms of its effects onpeople ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

  13. TRANSACTIVE PLANNING THEORY Critique • Those who can dialogue well are likely to manipulate others • i.e. the outcome (the plan) may not reflect real collective decision-making ADVOCACY, RADICAL & TRANSACTIVE PLANNING

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