Support for a Phosphorus Volatility Specification in GF-5

1. Support for a Phosphorus Volatility Specification in GF-5 Report to ESCIT June 14, 2007 Greg H. Guinther

2. Support for Using PEI165-16 in GF-5 • Afton supports the use of PEI165-16 in GF-5 to measure phosphorus volatility. • Rationale: • Phosphorus volatility is a very simple, easy to measure property of engine oil that lends itself well to a bench test • Based around an existing, well established bench test (SELBY NOACK) • Additional measurements: volatile collected mass, P conc. • PEI165 correlates with phosphorus retention • PEI165 correlates with catalyst poisoning • As an inexpensive bench test, it will promote the study and optimization of formulation effects

3. Benefits of the PEI 165-16 Bench Test • Discriminating power is high. Oil performance differences can be easily separated with a minimal number of tests. • Every base stock and vis grade can be tested during candidate data package development • During core formulation development, base stock and component effects can be determined more readily, leading to better oils and “holistic” formulations aimed at improving emission system compatibility while still meeting all other category requirements

4. Repeatability and Discriminating Power of PEI 165-16 is good Nine pairs of oils, randomized testing, blind coded, tested at Savant. Good ability to inexpensively discriminate oil performance.

5. More information of Repeatability of PEI165-16 Precision is equivalent to 9-oil study on previous slide.

6. Afton Catalyst Test Comparing PEI165-16 and Increase in T50 Light-off Temperature Higher PEI165-16 leads to more degradation of catalyst light-off temperature. Keeping phosphorus in the oil is better for catalysts.

7. PEI165-16 Correlates Well with Phosphorus Retention As expected, PEI165 also correlates with phosphorus retention and catalyst poisoning In the Afton Catalyst Test, the catalyst is aged 240 hours. The oil is changed every 24-hours, so there are ten (10) 24-hour phosphorus retention measurements taken per test.

8. Engine Oil Phosphorus Volatility Conclusions • The inexpensive PEI165-16 test adequately measures this basic property of engine oil with good precision and discriminating power. • PEI165-16 will promote oils with better emission system compatibility • Follows in the footsteps of other bench tests that replace or adequately predict the results from engines • Ball Rust Test for rust protection • ROBO for used-oil low temperature pumpability

9. Some cautions if the 20-Hour Sequence IIIG is selected for Phos Retention Based on real-world experience with the Afton Catalyst Test and Sequence IIIG

10. Considerations: • Cost versus benefit • Extremely costly way to measure a single parameter that is easily measured on the bench • Ties up valuable testing resources that could be deployed in more useful ways • Prohibitive relative to bench test in terms of component effect and formulation development • Complexity and variability • Dependent on Initial and EOT ICP measurement of P and Ca • See following example • Variability of the engine with the flush and run approach • The number of runs on engine (wear, deposits, oil consumption, blowby) • Oil carryover

11. Effect of ICP Variability on IIIG 20-Hr Phos Retention Small errors in ICP (25 – 50 ppm) have large impact on PR.

12. Sequence IIIG Reference Oil DataPhosphorus Retention Range by Oil Code Outliers Not used Range is between 8.5 and 9.5% PR. Pooled Standard Deviation is 1.8%

13. Expected Variability of PR20 in Sequence IIIGBased on Afton Catalyst Test Data Test oils are changed every 24 hours for ten days. Average Range is 6.7% PR. Standard Deviation is 2.0

14. Afton Proposal to Combine Phosphorus Level and Volatility Combined Parameter Emission System Improvement Merit System

15. Afton Proposal to Combine Phosphorus Level and Volatility:Combined-Parameter Emission System Improvement Merit System Concept is to provide a means of improving catalyst system protection either by finished oil phosphorus content or phosphorus volatility or a combination of the two. Proposed analysis tool is a merit system that provides: • A specified merit weighting for P content and P volatility • A specified range for P content and P volatility • Ability to relate candidate performance to “best” and “worst” in class reference oils

16. An example of a possible P merit system based on PEI165 Volatility: Afton Combined-Parameter Emission System Improvement Proposal • Equal merit weighting chosen for P content and P volatility. This can be changed depending on relative importance of one parameter over the other. • Minimum, Anchor, and Maximum values chosen from “Low Impact” oil, Reference Oils, and Afton experience. This proposal would allow and encourage oils down to 0.06 wt% P content. • Calculations: • If candidate value equals the minimum, merit = 2x the weight • If candidate value equals the anchor, merit = 1x the weight • If candidate value equals the maximum, merit = 0x the weight • If candidate value falls between two points, interpolate the merit value • 1,000 merits minimum required for passing result

17. Example Data from Reference and Candidate Oils Fail – below 1000 Fail – below 1000 This allows TMC 434 to be borderline fail and TMC 435 to be passing oil as desired by ESCIT. TMC 438 is by definition a failing oil due to 0.10 % P content. Similarly, “Low Impact” field test oil is also a pass by this proposal while the corresponding “conventional” oil is a fail. The example candidate oils show the impact of reduced P or increased PEI on MERIT.

18. Summary • A Combined-parameter emission system improvement proposal provides a means of improving catalyst system protection by both finished oil phosphorus content and phosphorus volatility. • Such a system provides: • A specified merit weighting for P content and P volatility • Specified ranges for P content and P volatility • Ability to relate candidate performance to “best” and “worst” in class reference oils