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POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS. Theocracy –. an independent country in which the government is controlled by one or more religious leaders. Iran. TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS. Democracy -. rule by the people. United States. Oligarchy –.

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POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

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  1. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

  2. TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS Theocracy – • an independent country in which the government is controlled by one or more religious leaders • Iran

  3. TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS Democracy - • rule by the people • United States Oligarchy – • rule by an elite group of people, typically the wealthy • United States???

  4. TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS Monarchy – • Institutional rule over a state by the head of a hereditary family • United Kingdom

  5. TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS Dictatorship – • oppressive, anti-democratic form of government in which the leader is often backed by the military • Iraq, Cuba

  6. POLITICAL DEFINITIONS Nation - • a group of people who possess common cultural traits • Kurdistan State - • a political entity that possesses sovereignty over an area delimited by internationally recognized boundaries • Mexico

  7. POLITICAL DEFINITIONS • fort or central city with its immediately surrounding territory, usually encased by a wall City-state - Nation-state - • a political unit that contains one principal national group that gives it its identity and defines its territory • United Kingdom

  8. RISE OF NATION-STATES • in response to the rise of nationalist political philosophies during the 18th century 2. humans want to be close to those of similar background 3. necessary and logical component of the transition from feudalism to capitalism 4. logical accompaniment of economic growth based on expanding technologies 5. arose from the collapse of local communities and the need for effective communication within a large unit

  9. GROWTH THEORIES Wallerstein’s World Systems • World is divided into three spheres: • core • semi periphery • periphery

  10. GROWTH THEORIES RATZEL’S SEVEN LAWS OF SPATIAL GROWTH • Size will increase as culture develops 2. Growth of a state is subsequent to other manifestations of the growth of the people

  11. GROWTH THEORIES RATZEL’S SEVEN LAWS OF SPATIAL GROWTH 3. Growth from a process of annexing smaller members 4. boundaries are peripheral organs that take part in all transformations of the state

  12. GROWTH THEORIES RATZEL’S SEVEN LAWS OF SPATIAL GROWTH 5. as state grows, it will strive to occupy some politically valuable locations 6. initial stimulus for growth is external 7. tendency to grow continually increases in intensity

  13. GROWTH THEORIES Deutsch’s Stages 1. transition from subsistence to exchange economy 2. increased mobility leading to formation of core areas

  14. GROWTH THEORIES Deutsch’s Stages 3. development of urban centers 4. growth of a network of communications 5. spatial concentration of capital

  15. GROWTH THEORIES Deutsch’s Stages 6. increasing group identity 7. rise of national identity 8. creation of state

  16. INFLUENCE OF ETHNICITY Ethnic homogeneity of countries vary, but the extent of a state’s cultural diversity often influences its political stability

  17. INFLUENCE OF ETHNICITY Ethnic diversity can be a strong centrifugal force – leading to civil disorder, international conflict, unspeakable human rights abuses • Yugoslavia

  18. BOUNDARIES I. Generic Boundaries • identified on the basis of their inherent characteristics • natural or physical, ethnographic or cultural, historical, geometric

  19. BOUNDARIES • Natural boundary I. Generic Boundaries: • follows a river or mountain range • arguments over mineral and usage rights, bridge construction and maintenance, territory lost as a result of course changes over time

  20. BOUNDARIES • Ethnographic boundary • Cultural differences mark separation • Partition of India

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