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The Old English and Medieval Periods (English History Background)

Explore the origins and evolution of English from the Old English and Medieval Periods, including the Anglo-Saxon invasion, key historical events, Anglo-Saxon life, literature like Beowulf, and the transition to Christianity. Learn about the societal structure, cultural practices, and heroic narratives that define this pivotal era.

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The Old English and Medieval Periods (English History Background)

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  1. The Old English and Medieval Periods(English History Background) • History of English Language is where our language begins you cannot separate it from the country or from the history. • How old is our language? It is a couple of thousand years, it is approximately 2000 yrs, it is relatively a new language compared to Greek and Latin /65

  2. The Old English and Medieval Periods /65

  3. Who ruled England before the Celts and Anglo Saxons? Page 6 /65

  4. ImportantDates **407 A.D. Romans were called back to Rome, because it was being attacked by the Turks.Rome was weakened following numerous poor leaders:** England became vulnerable to attacks (pg 4) ***449 A.D.***Anglo Saxons invaded /65

  5. Background English History Anglo-Saxon Invasion 3 Main Dates 407 A.D. Romans were called back to Rome 449 A.D. 1066 A.D. Why is this such an important date? William the Conquer defeated the Saxons, at the Battle of Hastings William Conquer unified England What does A.D. stand for? Anno Domini (after the year of our Lord) /65

  6. ImportantDate • 1066 A.D. • William the Conqueror (Norman) defeats the Saxon King Harold at the Battle of Hastings (aka Norman Conquest) • ***The importance of 1066 A.D. England is finally united under one King. /65

  7. What contributed to Rome’s downfall? /65

  8. Rome’s Insane Emperors, Cruel Emperors Caligulapossessed elements of madness, cruelty, viciousness, extravagance and megalomania. He was so sensitive about his lack of hair that it was a capital crime for anyone to look down from a high place as Caligula passed by. Sometimes he ordered those with a fine head of hair to be shaved. Nero Known as the emperor who "fiddled while Rome burned" Nero made games out of stalking, beating and even molesting both men and woman at night He had both his mother and wife killed /65

  9. Turmoil in Britain pg 6 After 449 A.D. Britain wasunprotected and was repeatedly attacked by Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.Angle Land become known as_______________ The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes formed 1 group due to interbreeding. England /65

  10. The Old English and Medieval Periods The original people of Britain, were farmers and hunters • Celts- • Romans- • Angles- • Saxons- • Jutes- Invaders and Conquerors, they were in control from 200 B.C. – 407 A.D. Invaders that originated from Germany Invaders, Germanic Tribe Invaders, Germanic Tribe These 3 groups kept trying to come via France to attack in order to set up colonies /65

  11. What were these (Anglo Saxon) people like? • Polytheistic • They liked to hunt, fight, gather together and feast • They loved to drink MeadWhat is Mead? • They drank till they passed out Fermented honey- very strong /65

  12. ***Anglo Saxon Life*** • A lot of feasts • Where did the Anglo Saxons drink the mead? • Entertainment was provided by: • Scop • Gleeman Mead hall= fermented honey, approx 30% proof Storytellers/poets Sang/folksingers played guitar instrument called the lyre Why did Anglo Saxons feast so much? /65

  13. Anglo Saxon Life • They were good metal workers they invented hinges on doors (page 7) • They had democracy • Woman were able to vote • They had schoolsAs a people they were tough but civilized • King Alfred- a national hero, resisted the Danish Attack • He encouraged the rebirth of learning /65

  14. Anglo Saxon Literature **Beowulf is the longest remnant of literature of the Anglo Saxon Period, it is an epic poem.How long is the poem? Narrative poem Beowulf is about a brave hero and his adventures. ***It is approximately 3000 lines in length. celebrates the heroic achievements of its hero Narrative Poems- tell stories /65

  15. Epic Poem Lofty (elevated, formal, snooty) language • long narrative poetry, • recounts an adventure (quest) of a legendary hero, • various deeds • characterized by great length, • multiple settings, • large numbers of characters, or • long span of time involved. /65

  16. Surviving Literature • Limited amounts of Old English literature exists, because England was frequently attacked by the Norsemen (Northmen) also known as the Vikings. • How would you describe the Vikings? Brutal, ruthless, murders, pillage and burn /65

  17. **Anglo Saxon Literature** • 2 Themes (recurring, and unifying quality or idea) • Feasting, Drinking, Partying, Hunting, Fighting, Battles, Tales of Adventures, Tales of Great deeds done by heroes • Sea Monsters, Dragons • Written Version • Religious Theme • Sun Gods /65

  18. Anglo Saxon Literature • **Hero reflects the attitudes and the morals of one’s own society • Take notice to the references of • Beowulf= Cain = Related monster Who are your heroes? Are sport stars heroes? /65

  19. Anglo Saxon Literature • Around 900-1000 A.D.monasteries were started • At this time Anglo Saxons still had their own Gods (Pagans- Sun, Moon Gods) • When Beowulf was written down Monks • **Parts are altered in order to make it Christian, they took out non-Christian parts (violence, blood and gore). /65

  20. 1066 A.D. • **Normans conquered the Anglo Saxons • **Normans were descendents from France • Battle of Hastings= William the Conqueror (Norman) defeated King Harold (Anglo Saxon) • 1066 A.D. is very important because it finally unified the country, England is no longer made up of clans, but is one country. /65

  21. ***Two Things Every British School Child Knows*** • 449 A.D. • 1066 A.D. ***449 A.D.***Anglo Saxons invaded ***is very important because it finally unified the country, England is no longer made up of clans, but is one country /65

  22. Part II of this sectionThe Middle Ages • Background • Feudalism • War of the Roses • Hundred Year War • Castles • Code of Chivalry • The Crusades /65

  23. What does every unified country need? Government in order to manage /65

  24. 24Feudalism Hierarchy • King, Queen • Prince, Princess • Duke, Duchess • Margrave, Margravine • Earl, Landgrave, Count, Countess • Viscount, Viscountess • Baron, Baroness • Lord, Lady • Knight, Dame • Reeve- official elected annually by the serfs to supervise lands for a lord • Squire – Servant to a Knight /65

  25. Feudalism Hierarchy • Yeoman- Peasant who holds land in his/her own right.Peasant- Anyone not a noble. Collectively referred to as "the commons".Serf -Lowest level in feudalism- Person bound to the land, virtually a slave to the landowner, but can free themselves by running away (usually to the city) for a year and a day. /65

  26. FeudalismHierarchy • It worked like the Mafia, each level had to give back, and kick crops/money back upstairs • What did the serf receive in return for working the land and kicking up to the king? • What does the King get from the serfs? Protection, A place to live, a job, security Loyalty, Workers, Workforce=Army /65

  27. Feudalism Father-Son • King-King • Knight-Knight • Serf-Serf • **The only problem with this society is that you were stuck in the class you were born in • Except for one profession, What was the only profession which allowed for social mobility? The Clergy were powerful, respected, because even Kings listened to the them, they were educated, they could read /65

  28. FeudalismHierarchy Clergy • What profession allowed you to become powerful and wealthy? • Middle Ages lasted approx 1100-1200-1300-1400 • At this point the whole country was Christian, they believed in heaven and hell. /65

  29. Feudalism • The system of government based on ownership of land • Similar to the Mafia, to keep your portion of the land, you had kick up your share (crops/money) upstairs • What did the serf get in return for working the land? • Protection /65

  30. Feudalism • **Money was not used • Middle Ages 1,100-1,200-1,300-1,400 • Dark Ages was the beginning part of the Middles Ages • At this point the whole country was Christian, they believed in Heaven and Hell • **In Feudalism, it worked well for a while, everyone knew their place, each class intermingled with each other /65

  31. Everything was fine, except… • 2 families fought over land • House of York = White Rose • House of Lancaster= Red Rose • ***How long did the war Last?What was this War called? ****The warlasted for 30 years (page 5 Timeline) War of the Roses • How did this war end? • Marriage /65

  32. War of the Roses 1445-1485 • War of the Roses ended when Henry IV married Elizabeth of York. • If you were like the House of Lancaster and the House of York, how could we have ended the Iraq War? • Odai and Qusai Hussein • Barbara and Jenna Bush /65

  33. 100 Year War1337 to 1453 Joan of Arc (Arcadia) She was 17 yrs old, she was in a field and told to gather an army to fight the English • Who was the most famous person to come out of this war? • Clue 1:Clue 2: • What happened to this person? She fought battles and started winning major battles • Priests from her hometown were getting concerned because people weren’t listening to them • Joan of Arc was asked to say that she didn’t hear voices, however, she refused • She was put on trial for heresy, she found guilty and burned at the stake /65

  34. Joan of Arc, (Arcadia) /65

  35. 100 Year War • **Britain invades France • **England eventually won the war • **Henry V, Warrior King, he defeated the French, and ended the war at the Battle of Agincourt • Rivalry still exists between the two countries /65

  36. 100 Year War • Lasted longer than 100 years • **The 100 Year War Lasted 116 Years to exact /65

  37. Battle of Agincourt • 100 Year War • The armies involved were those of the English King Henry V and Charles VI of France /65

  38. What was life like in a Castle? • Windsor Castle- • We live better today • Bathroom facilities (Hole in the Floor), Lacked Sewage • Cold, Damp, Dark, Hot in the summer, Food was bland, Very few spices during the Middle Ages /65

  39. What was life like in a Castle? • Dungeons- very creepy • Torture Devices—Bloody, Painful • The Rack • Finger Thumb Screws • Iron Maiden- spikes in the case, close /65

  40. Crusades • Knights were sent to the Holy Land • Holy Wars • Jerusalem- Center of 3 Religions • Crusades failed • What were the knights looking for during the Crusades? • Judaism • Christianity • Islam Searching for the Holy Grail /65

  41. Crusades • Name two benefits of the Crusades Two benefits- Spice Trade and Gun Powder /65

  42. Life during the Middle Ages • People rarely bathed, they smelled • People lacked hygiene, deodorant, clean clothes • People carried flowers • Life expectancy was only 30 yrs old • People married younger, people had more children /65

  43. Life during the Middle Ages • Black Plague (Bubonic Plague) in the year 1,300 killed 1/3 of the whole country (England) died • What childhood game reminds us of the Black Plague? Ring around the Rosy /65

  44. Feudalism What was the purpose of Feudalism? Protection for the King How did the King provide protection? Castles Gun Powder, Cannon Balls What made castles obsolete? Money also ended feudalism /65

  45. What caused the end of Feudalism? ***3 Major Reasons1. Gun Powder, castles were no longer fortresses2. Wide spread usage of money3. Black Plaque caused a shortage of workers /65

  46. Castles /65

  47. Money – Amazing Concept • Barter System • 2 goats for your daughter and a jug of wine • What is the rarest commodity? Coining of Money= Increased trade required usage of money and it needed to be easy to transport Gold • What if Coal was the main currency? • Mr. Pardee- Beaver Meadows, started Hazleton /65

  48. Trade brought changes… • Cities started up near water supplies • Easy transport of goods • People started moving from the interior to the capital of England • What river runs through London? London River Thames /65

  49. Codes of Chivalry • Chivalry • Related to the medieval institution of knighthood • Usually associated with ideals of knightly virtues, honor and courtly love. • The word comes from the French word chevalier, indicating one who rides a horse, though the term has come to signify more than this. /65

  50. Roman Empire Falls – 407 A.D. Beowulf was created in Old English – 700 A.D. Charlemagne is crowned Emperor – 800 A.D. Most of Europe is divided into large estates or kingdoms – 800 A.D. First Roman Cathedrals built – 1000 A.D. First Crusade begins – 1096 A.D. Marco Polo begins his journey to Asia – 1271A.D. OverallTimeline CharlemagneApril 747 Birthplace: ? Died: 28 January 814 Best Known As: Frankish king and Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne was the Frankish king who conquered most of the Roman Empire /65

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