Practicing taking notes

1. Practicing taking notes

2. Westward Expansion AMERICA EXPANDS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

3. How justifiable was U.S. expansion in the 1800s?

4. American Progress

5. Manifest Destiny • IN THE 1840S AMERICANS BECAME PREOCCUPIED WITH EXPANSION FROM “FROM SEA TO SHINING SEA” • MANY BELIEVED THAT THEIR MOVEMENT WESTWARD WAS PREDESTINED BY GOD • A CONVICTION THAT GOD INTENDED NORTH AMERICA TO BE UNDER THE CONTROL OF AMERICANS • IT'S A KIND OF EARLY PROJECTION OF ANGLO-SAXON SUPREMACY AND THERE'S A RACIST ELEMENT TO IT. • IF YOU ASKED A PERSON TO DEFINE MANIFEST DESTINY, HE MIGHT TELL YOU IT IS AN IDEAL, OR HE MIGHT SAY, "WELL, WE WANT THE LAND AND THIS IS THE EASIEST WAY TO JUSTIFY OUR TAKING IT."

6. Expansion Based on the map, What are 2 methods that the US government used to acquire new territory?

7. The Louisiana Purchase • BY 1803, FRENCH LEADER NAPOLEON HAD ABANDONED HIS DREAMS OF AN AMERICAN EMPIRE • HE NEEDED MONEY TO FIGHT EUROPEAN WARS, SO HE ACCEPTED JEFFERSON’S OFFER OF $15,000,000 • MORE THAN DOUBLED THE SIZE OF OUR COUNTRY • LEWIS AND CLARK ORDERED TO GO EXPLORE NEW TERRITORY

8. The Monroe Doctrine • JAMES MONROE WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT IN 1816 • IMMEDIATELY, NATIONALISM CLEARLY ESTABLISHED AS KEY CONCERN OF ADMINISTRATION • IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY, VARIOUS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES HINTED AT INCREASED COLONIZATION • IN HIS 1823 ADDRESS TO CONGRESS, MONROE MADE IT CLEAR TO EUROPE: DON’T INTERFERE WITH WESTERN HEMISPHERE (MONROEDOCTRINE)

9. Indian Removal Act - 1830 • CONGRESS, WITH JACKSON’S SUPPORT, PASSED THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT IN 1830 • UNDER THIS LAW, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FUNDED TREATIES THAT FORCED TRIBES WEST • THE CHEROKEE TRIBE IN GEORGIA REFUSED AND WERE SUPPORTED BY THE SUPREME COURT • JACKSON REFUSED TO ABIDE BY THE COURT DECISION • JACKSON SAID, “JOHN MARSHALL (SUPREME COURT CHIEF JUSTICE) HAS MADE HIS DECISION, NOW LET HIM ENFORCE IT.” • TRAIL OF TEARS FOLLOWED THE COURT RULING AS U.S. TROOPS ROUNDED UP THE CHEROKEE AND DROVE THEM WEST, MOSTLY ON FOOT. . .THOUSANDS DIED

10. Chief Washakie "THE WHITE MAN, WHO POSSESSES THIS WHOLE VAST COUNTRY FROM SEA TO SEA, WHO ROAMS OVER IT AT PLEASURE AND LIVES WHERE HE LIKES, CANNOT KNOW THE CRAMP WE FEEL IN THIS LITTLE SPOT, WITH THE UNDERLYING REMEMBRANCE OF THE FACT, WHICH YOU KNOW AS WELL AS WE, THAT EVERY FOOT OF WHAT YOU PROUDLY CALL AMERICA NOT VERY LONG AGO BELONGED TO THE RED MAN. THE GREAT SPIRIT GAVE IT TO US. THERE WAS ROOM FOR ALL HIS MANY TRIBES, AND ALL WERE HAPPY IN THEIR FREEDOM." "THE WHITE MAN'S GOVERNMENT PROMISED THAT IF WE, THE SHOSHONES, WOULD BE CONTENT WITH THE LITTLE PATCH ALLOWED US, IT WOULD KEEP US WELL SUPPLIED WITH EVERYTHING NECESSARY TO COMFORTABLE LIVING, AND WOULD SEE THAT NO WHITE MAN SHOULD CROSS OUR BORDERS FOR OUR GAME OR ANYTHING THAT IS OURS. BUT IT HAS NOT KEPT ITS WORD! THE WHITE MAN KILLS OUR GAME, CAPTURES OUR FURS, AND SOMETIMES FEEDS HIS HERDS UPON OUR MEADOWS. AND YOUR GREAT AND MIGHTY GOVERNMENT--OH SIR, I HESITATE, FOR I CANNOT TELL THE HALF! IT DOES NOT PROTECT OUR RIGHTS. IT LEAVES US WITHOUT THE PROMISED SEED, WITHOUT TOOLS FOR CULTIVATING THE LAND, WITHOUT IMPLEMENTS FOR HARVESTING OUR CROPS, WITHOUT BREEDING ANIMALS BETTER THAN OURS, WITHOUT THE FOOD WE STILL LACK, AFTER ALL WE CAN DO, WITHOUT THE MANY COMFORTS WE CANNOT PRODUCE, WITHOUT THE SCHOOLS WE SO MUCH NEED FOR OUR CHILDREN." "I SAY AGAIN, THE GOVERNMENT DOES NOT KEEP ITS WORD!" . According to this quote, what were 2 criticisms that Chief Washakie had against the white man and/or federal government?

11. INDIAN REMOVAL - 1830

12. Famous Trails West • No highways existed, thus wagon trails served as the roads to the West • Santa Fe Trail ran from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico • Oregon Trail stretched from Independence to Oregon City, Oregon • Mormons especially utilized the Oregon Trail on their way to Salt Lake City to escape religious persecution

13. Mexico Controls Texas • AFTER 300 YEARS OF SPANISH RULE, MEXICAN SETTLERS FELT AT HOME IN TEXAS TERRITORY • MEXICO WON THEIR INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN IN 1821 AND TEXAS WAS THEIRS • MEXICAN OFFICIALS OFFERED LAND TO AMERICANS TO MAKE THE AREA MORE STABLE • AMERICANS SOON OUTNUMBERED MEXICANS IN TEXAS – TROUBLE STARTED • Stephen Austin established a colony of Americans in Texas • Conflicts intensified between Mexicans and Americans in Texas • One issue was the slaves many Americans had brought with them • Mexico had outlawed slavery in 1829

14. ReMember the Alamo • MEXICAN PRESIDENT SANTAANNA WAS DETERMINED TO FORCE TEXANS TO OBEY MEXICAN LAW • SANTA ANNA MARCHED HIS TROOPS TOWARD SAN ANTONIO – AT THE SAME TIME AUSTIN ISSUED A CALL TO ARMS FOR ALL AMERICAN TEXANS • AMERICAN FORCES MOVED INTO A MISSION KNOWN AS THE ALAMO IN 1836 • AFTER 13 DAYS THE MEXICAN TROOPS SCALED THE WALLS AND SLAUGHTERED ALL 187 AMERICANS THE ALAMO IN SAN ANTONIO

15. Mexican-American War • 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION WINNER, JAMES POLK, EAGERLY WANTED TO ANNEX TEXAS AS PART OF THE U.S. • NEGOTIATIONS FAILED AND U.S. TROOPS MOVED INTO MEXICAN TERRITORY IN 1845 • AMERICA VICTORIES SOON FOLLOWED, AND IN 1848 MEXICAN LEADER SANTAANNA CONCEDED DEFEAT • TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO WAS SIGNED – U.S. GETS (LARGER) TEXAS, NEW MEXICO & CALIFORNIA MEXICAN PRESIDENT SANTA ANNA

16. California Gold Rush • AFTER GOLDWAS DISCOVERED AT SUTTER’SMILL, MIGRATION TO CALIFORNIA ROSE FROM 400 IN 1848 TO 44,000 IN 1850 • FOLKS WHO RUSHED TO SAN FRANCISCO IN 1849 BECAME KNOWN AS FORTY-NINERS • BY 1857, THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF GOLD MINED IN CALIFORNIA TOPPED $2,000,000,000

17. How justifiable was U.S. expansion in the 1800s?