Cold War Intro, Map, Docs and Korea

1. Cold War Intro, Map, Docs and Korea

2. Origins of the Cold War • Ideological Differences • Communism vs. Capitalism • Totalitarian vs. Democracy • WWII • 2nd Front • Yalta • A- Bomb • Destruction of Europe • Power Vacuum • End of Colonial Empires • Fear/ Security/ Distrust • Previous lessons

3. Cold War Characteristics • Indirect warfare* of 2 Superpowers • Worldwide Alliance Systems • Lasts 45 years • 1945-1991 • High and low periods of tension • Experience of living through the Cold War • Tactics • Eco. Pressure • Propaganda (even in pop culture) • Subversion • Nuclear Intimidation • *Not complete absence of war

4. Winston Churchill “IRON CURTAIN”

5. Comrades:T.S. Analyze Document from more than one Point of View

6. One fundamental US assumption: USSR seeks to expand and therefore poses a threat to the US. NSC-68 Military Build-up Marshall Plan Rebuilding Germany Eco. Aid/ Military Presence Telegram by Kennan “X” Containment Truman Doctrine Aid to Greece & Turkey / US Global Policeman

7. Alliance System Warsaw Pact (1955)- Military alliance of the Eastern European Soviet Bloc. Organized against the perceived threat from NATO. NATO (1949 ) - If the Soviet Union attacked any European allies, it would be an attack on the US itself. First US peacetime military alliance

8. Cold War Origins Recap Truman Doctrine- 1947 X- Article- 1947 Marshall Plan- 1947 NATO Formed- 1949 NSC- 68- 1950 Warsaw Pact- 1955

9. Intro Cold War Map Activity • Directions: • Shade your Map: • NATO countries • Warsaw Pact countries • Locate Berlin • Answer the questions and consider the following: • What did the Western Powers and the USSR do with Germany after the War? Why? • What is the significance of the position of Berlin?

10. BERLIN

11. Division of Germany Berlin Berlin Blockade

12. Berlin Airlift

13. The Arms Race 1949 Russians Explode A-Bomb How did the Arms Race contribute to the Cold War?

14. Massive retaliation • Massive retaliation, also known as a massive response or massive deterrence, is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack • “more bang for the buck” – nuclear arsenal may be cheaper and more effective • Sec of State Dulles – Eisenhower years

15. brinkmanship • Brinkmanship is the practice of pushing dangerous events to the verge of—or to the brink of—disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome. It occurs in international politics, foreign policy, labor relations, and (in contemporary settings) military strategy involving the threatened use of nuclear weapons

16. MAD • Mutual assured destruction, or mutually assured destruction (MAD), is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of high-yield weapons of mass destruction by two opposing sides would effectively result in the complete, utter and irrevocable annihilation of both the attacker and the defender, becoming thus a war that has no victory nor any armistice but only effective reciprocal destruction

17. Questions • Who was more responsible for the Cold War? • Whose actions and motivations were more justified? Explain. • Was the Cold War avoidable? Explain. • How has the history of the Cold War changed? Why did this happen? • Were there any benefits that resulted from the Cold War? • Negative effects?

18. Truman and Pacific: • - China • Japan • Korea

19. Japan MacArthur in charge Mutual Security Treaty 1952 US defense Japanese Eco. Miracle China Falls to Mao Zedong Truman ‘lost’ China Chang Kai Shek (Jiang Jeshi) and Nationalists to Taiwan 1949 Japan and China

20. Korean War 1950-1953 Thinking Skill: State implications and consequences Objective: Examine how the Korean War was a result of heightened tensions AND resulted in further heightening of Cold War tensions

21. Korean War1950-1953 http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/05/maps/ Containment Challenge in Pacific

22. How most people remember the Korean War

23. Who Lost China? • Chiang Kai-shek (nationalists) and Mao Zedong (communists) continued civil war post-WWII • Chiang Kai-shek’s forces fled to Taiwan in 1949

24. Following WWII, Korea was divided along the 38th parallel US backed the South (Republic of Korea) USSR backed the North (People’s Democratic Republic of Korea) June 25, 1950 N. Korean troops invaded the South Divided Korea

25. Harry S. Truman

26. Containment • Truman “Korea is the Greece of the Far East” • Stop the communists from spreading • Truman’s “get tough” attitude- no appeasement • Considered it similar to Hitler’s invasion of European nations in 30s • Prevent a future World War • Domestic - Show the Reps the Dems are not “soft”

27. WHY? Truman “Korea is the Greece of the Far East” Stop Reds from spreading Show Dems are not “soft” HOW? UN sanction for a “police action” * No congressional approval * No declaration of war (limited war) US were ½ of troops, S. Korea 40% Korean Involvement

28. UN Involvement • Truman secures UN sanction for a “police action” against aggressors • No congressional approval, no declaration of war • US made up 50% of troops, S. Korea 40%

29. MacArthur

30. Wanted to bomb N. Korea and China Suggested using A-Bombs Pushed line too close to China China warned of invasion, counter-attacked MacArthur’s public criticisms “In war, there is no substitute for victory” Publicly criticized Truman Result: Truman pulled MacArthur from Korea MacArthur

31. Truman vs. MacArthur

32. Truman’s View of the War • “Limited War for Limited Goals” • Prevent/avoid World War III • Fear of atomic escalation, provoking USSR • Criticized heavily at home for removing MacArthur

34. 5 phases of war http://www.johndclare.net/cold_war10.htm Personal stories: http://www.accesskansas.org/kskoreanwar/stories/index.html

36. March 1951 – 1953 •   In 1953, Eisenhower became president.   The Americans threatened to use the atomic bomb if China did not stop fighting.    The Chinese agree to a truce, which was signed on 27 July 1953.  It is estimated that 10 million people died in the war - as many as died in the First World War.  

37. Effects… Reinforced Containment as a global policy NSC-68’s recommendations are followed Reaffirmed the belief/perception that orders are being disseminated from the USSR to China, then to nations in Europe and Asia. Established a separation of the Korean peninsula

38. Effects -54, 000 American troops killed -100, 000 wounded and missing Public Opinion hurt Truman Eisenhower Elected to end stalemate Significance: Expanded power of President* - Cold War & Asia 38th parallel Nuclear Threat today Defense spending/budget Forgotten War

40. Still about 40 US troops there, along with So. Korea troops

41. Two Koreas today

42. Two Koreas Today Note: Prior to division, Koreans were same size, today 9 year olds in NK are often mistaken for 5 year olds, NK had to eliminate 5’3” height requirement for military b/c many soldiers are less than 5 foot tall today

43. Discussion Questions • Why is Korea called “the forgotten war?” • How did Truman’s interpretation of events impact his decision to intervene in Korea? • How did changing objectives in the Korean War confuse and complicate the situation? • To what extent did MacArthur have the right to criticize Truman? • Was the Korean War effort a success? • What problems remain today?

44. Documentaries – Korean War • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzMGZX9eJ1U • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoOEMRKgi8Y