500 likes | 970 Views
BLACK HOLE IN MANET. SUBMITTED TO:-- SUBMITTED BY:-- Dr. SAPNA GAMBHIR INDRAJEET KUMAR CSE DEPTT. MNW/887/2K11. Content . Introduction to network Types Wireless network Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) Security issues Attacks in MANET Detection & Resolving Query session Reference.
E N D
BLACK HOLE IN MANET SUBMITTED TO:-- SUBMITTED BY:-- Dr. SAPNA GAMBHIR INDRAJEET KUMAR CSE DEPTT. MNW/887/2K11
Content • Introduction to network • Types • Wireless network • Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) • Security issues • Attacks in MANET • Detection & Resolving • Query session • Reference
Introduction NETWORKING Area based Medium based LAN WAN MAN WIRED WIRELESS
Wireless Networks • Need:Access computing and communication services, on the move • Infrastructure-based Networks • traditional cellular systems (base station infrastructure) • Wireless LANs • Infrared (IrDA) or radio links (Wavelan) • very flexible within the reception area; ad-hoc networks possible • low bandwidth compared to wired networks (1-10 Mbit/s) • Ad hoc Networks • useful when infrastructure not available, impractical, or expensive • military applications, rescue, home networking
Many Applications • Personal area networking • cell phone, laptop, ear phone, wrist watch • Military environments • soldiers, tanks, planes • Civilian environments • taxi cab network • meeting rooms • sports stadiums • boats, small aircraft • Emergency operations • search-and-rescue • policing and fire fighting
Challenges in Mobile Environments • Limitations of the Wireless Network • packet loss due to transmission errors • variable capacity links • frequent disconnections/partitions • limited communication bandwidth • Limitations Imposed by Mobility • dynamically changing topologies/routes • lack of mobility awareness by system/applications • Limitations of the Mobile Computer • short battery lifetime • limited capacities
MANET (Mobile ADHOC N/W) Introduction…. • Collection of mobile wireless nodes • Links are made & broken in arbitrarilyway. • No fixed infrastructure • Constrained resources Problem… Design a routing algorithm that are secure
Routing Protocols • Proactive protocols • Traditional distributed shortest-path protocols • Maintain routes between every host pair at all times • Based on periodic updates; High routing overhead • Example: DSDV (destination sequenced distance vector) • Reactive protocols • Determine route if and when needed • Source initiates route discovery • Example: DSR (dynamic source routing),AODV. • Hybrid protocols • Adaptive; Combination of proactive and reactive • Example : ZRP (zone routing protocol)
Security Requirements in MANET Threats • Availability • Data Confidentiality • Data Integrity • Non-repudiation • Attacks • External attacks • Internal attacks • Passive attacks • Active attacks
Attack in Manet • Active attack & passive attack
Types of attack ( cont…) • Gray hole attack:-- As soon as it receive the packet from neighbor the attacker drop the packet. • Type of active attack. • In some other gray hole attacks the attacker node behaves maliciously for the time until the packets are dropped and then switch to their normal behavior . Due this behavior it’s very difficult for the network to figure out such kind of attack. • Gray hole attack is also termed as node misbehaving attack.
Types of attack (cont…) • Warm hole attack:-- Wormhole attack is a severe attack in which two attackers placed themselves strategically in the network. The attackers then keep on hearing the network, record the wireless data.
BLACK HOLE ATTACK • A kind of denial of service where a malicious node can attract all packets by falsely claiming a fresh route to the destination and then absorb them without forwarding them to the destination. • Co operative Black hole means the malicious nodes act in a group
Route Requests in AODV Y Broadcast transmission Z S E F B C M L J A G H D K I N Represents transmission of RREQ
Route Request and Route Reply • Route Request (RREQ) includes the last known sequence number for the destination • An intermediate node may also send a Route Reply (RREP) provided that it knows a more recent path than the one previously known to sender • Intermediate nodes that forward the RREP, also record the next hop to destination • A routing table entry maintaining a reverse path is purged after a timeout interval • A routing table entry maintaining a forward path is purged if not used for a active_route_timeout interval
Link Failure • A neighbor of node X is considered active for a routing table entry if the neighbor sent a packet within active_route_timeout interval which was forwarded using that entry • Neighboring nodes periodically exchange hello message • When the next hop link in a routing table entry breaks, all activeneighbors are informed • Link failures are propagated by means of Route Error (RERR) messages, which also update destination sequence numbers
The black hole problem in current AODV protocol • AODV is an important on-demand routing protocol that creates routes only when desired by the source node. • When a node requires a route to a destination, it initiates a route discovery process within the network. It broadcasts a route request (RREQ) packet to its neighbors. (Figure 2)
The black hole problem in current AODV protocol (cont.) • Once the RREQ reaches the destination or an intermediate node with a fresh enough route, the destination or intermediate node responds by unicasting a route reply (RREP) packet (Figure 3) back to the neighbor from which it first received the RREQ.
The black hole problem in current AODV protocol (cont.) • Any intermediate node may respond to the RREQ message if it has a fresh enough route. • The malicious node easily disrupts the correct functioning of the routing protocol and make at least part of the network crash.
Solution… • Slightly modified AODV protocol by introducing Data Routing Information (DRI) Table (reliability table).
Another approach… • Fidelity level:----- • Collecting responses. • Choosing a response to forward data. • Updating the fidelity level. • Receiving acknowledgement and broadcasting fidelity packets
Conclusion and future work (cont.) • In this seminar we have studied the routing security issues of MANETs, described the cooperative black hole attack that can be mounted against a MANET and proposed a feasible solution for it in the AODV protocol.
References… • Bo Sun,YongGuan,JianChen,Udo , “Detecting Black-hole Attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Network” , The institute of Electrical Engineers, Printed and published by IEEE, 2003. • Hongmei Deng, Wei Li, and Dharma P. Agrawal, “Routing security in Wireless Ad-hoc Network”,IEEE Communications Magazine, Issue 40, pp 70–75,2002 • LathaTamilselvan, Dr. V Sankaranarayanan “Prevention of Co-operative Black Hole Attack in MANET” JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 3, NO. 5, MAY 2008