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Pathology of the Heart and Vessels - Chosen Problems

Pathology of the Heart and Vessels - Chosen Problems. The human heart ☺ efficient, durable and reliable pump ☺over 6000 liters of blood daily ☺> 40 mililion beats a year. HEART DISEASE IS THE PREDOMINANT CAUSE OF DISABILITY AND DEATH IN INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS.

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Pathology of the Heart and Vessels - Chosen Problems

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  1. Pathology of the Heart and Vessels -Chosen Problems

  2. The human heart ☺efficient, durable and reliable pump☺over 6000 liters of blood daily ☺> 40 mililion beats a year

  3. HEART DISEASE IS THE PREDOMINANT CAUSE OF DISABILITY AND DEATH IN INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS.

  4. Cardiovascular dysfunction – principal mechanisms

  5. Failure of the pump

  6. An obstruction to flow

  7. Regurgitant flow

  8. Disorders of cardiac conduction

  9. Disruption of the continuity of the circulatory system

  10. HEART FAILURE?

  11. Heart failure

  12. Heart failure - causes

  13. Hypertrophy

  14. Left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for sudden death!BUTPhysiologic hypertrophy (induced by regular strenuous exercise) has minimal or no deleterious effect.

  15. Left-sided and right-sided cardiac failure can occur independently.BUTFailure of one side (particulary the left side) often produces excessive strain on the other, leading to the global heart failure.

  16. Left–sided heart failure

  17. Causes:

  18. Left-sided failure – effectsHeart

  19. Lungs

  20. Brain

  21. Right – sided heart failure

  22. The most common reason of right-sided failure is prolonged left-sided failure

  23. Right-sided heart failure - effectsLiver

  24. SpleenBowelsKidneys

  25. Brain

  26. Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)

  27. The clinical manifestation of IHD:1. 2. 3. 4.

  28. IHD in its various forms is the leading cause of death in industrialized nations.

  29. Ischemic heart disease - causes

  30. Angina pectoris

  31. Stable angina

  32. Prinzmetal angina

  33. Unstable angina

  34. Myocardial infarction(„heart attack”)

  35. Risk factors

  36. Myocardial necrosis

  37. The location and size of MI depend on:

  38. Evolution of gross changes in MI

  39. Evolution of microscopic changes in MI

  40. Consequences and complications of MI

  41. Chronic ischemic heart disease

  42. Sudden cardiac death

  43. Nonatherosclerotic causes of SCD

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