Review the key words and phrases learned previously

1. Review the key words and phrases learned previously 锋面 : 气团： 暖区： 气压系统： 锢囚: 低压： 高压： 低压槽: 高压脊： 气压梯度: 填塞： 加深: Front Air mass Warm sector Pressure system Occlusion Depression; low Anticyclone; high Trough Ridge Pressure gradient Fill Deepen

2. Try to answer the following questions 1. What is the difference between backing and veering？ Backing means a change in the direction of wind in an anti-clockwise direction, while veering, clockwise direction. 2. Under what condition will occlusion happen? The cold front moves faster than the warm front and gradually overtakes it, causing the warm to be lifted up from the surface. When this happens the depression is said to be occluded, known as occlusion. 3. What type of weather will a steep pressure gradient and a weak gradient respectively indicate? Weather in strong or steep pressure gradients is normally subject to sudden changes with varying wind force and direction while weak gradient indicates that the weather changes are gradual and predictable. 4. What type of barometer is most commonly used aboard ship? Aneroid barometer.

3. Radio Weather Messages Warnings Synopses Forecasts direction and speed of wind, the weather, temperature, visibility and state of the sky and sea over a period 12 or 24 hours Gale Warnings Storm Warnings Hurricane Warnings General Situation, Synoptic Situation, Synopsis, Summary pressure systems and fronts, their direction, speed of movement

4. Vocabulary study imminent [5iminEnt] adj. 紧急的（自原发报时间起4小时之内） soon [`su:n] adj.不久（约4小时以后和12小时以前） later [5leitE] adj.以后（约12小时以后） synopsis [si5nCpsis] n. (pl. synopses)大势 barometric [7bArEu5metrik] adj.大气的，气压的 tendency [5tendEnsi] n.趋势 summary [5sQmEri] n. 大势，总结，摘要 issue [5isju:] vt. 发布 issuance [5iFu(:)Ens] n. persist [pE(:)5sist] vi.持续 swell [swel] n. 涌 patch [pAtF] n.片，小块地 rain patches 小片地区有雨 on behalf of 代表 coastguard n.海岸警卫队 UTC= universal coordinated time 协调世界时 valid [5vAlid] adj. 有效的 tend [tend] vi.趋向 outlook [5autluk] n. 气象预报（当天24小时以后的预报）

5. Abbreviation: e – east 东 w – west 西 s – south 南 n – north 北 ely – easterly 偏东 sly – southerly 偏南 wly – westerly 偏西 nly – northerly 偏北 ne – northeast 东北 nw – northwest 西北 se – southeast 东南 sw – southwest 西南 ene – east-north-east 东北东 wsw – west-south-west 西南西 nm – nautical mile 海里 km – kilometer 公里 ml – mile 海里 mb – millibar 毫巴 kt – knot 节 vis – visibility 能见度 temp – temperature 温度 C – degrees Celsius 摄氏度 vrb – variable 风向不定 slw – slow 缓慢的 frq – frequent 经常的 stnr – stationary 静止的 qstnr– quasi-stationary 准静止

6. tempo – temporary 临时的 press – pressure 压力 baro – barometer 气压表 deg – degree 度 ft – foot/feet 英尺 mod – moderate 适中 max – maximum 最大 min – minimum 最小 sit – situation 形式 wx – weather 天气 gmt–Greenwich Mean Time 世界时 z – zulu time 世界时 wrng – warnings 警告 msg – message 电文 obsy – observatory 气象台 pd – period 句点 para – paragraph 段 cma – comma 逗号 pt – point 点 wkn – weaken 减弱 lgt – light 轻 isol – isolated 局部的 sct – scattered 零星的 ocnl – occasional 偶尔 cld – cloudy 多云 dz – drizzle 毛毛雨 ts – thunderstorm 雷阵雨 nc – no change 趋势少变

7. Beaufort wind scale ripple [5ripl] n.涟漪，波纹，微波 wavelet [5weivlit] n.微波，子波，小波 crest [krest] n.波峰 whitecap [5(h)waitkAp] n.（海面）翻白花，白浪花 white horse 白涌头，白浪花 spray [sprei] n. 水花，浪花 foam [fEum] n.泡沫, 水沫 airborne [5ZEbC:n] adj.空中的，空气传播的

8. Beaufort wind scale streak [stri:k] n.条痕，小沟 spindrift [5spindrift] n.海浪的飞沫，浪花 overhang [5EuvE5hAN] vi.悬于……之上, 悬垂 tumbling [5tQmbliN] n.翻跟头，翻筋斗

9. Wave scale furrow [5fQrEu] vt. 犁，耕，弄绉 precipitous [pri5sipitEs] adj.陡峭的，急躁的

10. Visibility scale 注意公里和海里的换算。1 mile ≈ 1.852 km

11. Review the passage and memorize the key words and expressions. Preview passages one and two of the next part and pay attention to the following points: Tropical cyclone doldrums Trade winds Horse latitudes Prevailing westerlies Land and sea breeze Monsoon fog Homework