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The End of One War, the Start of Another…

The End of One War, the Start of Another…. E nd of the Axis. German military leaders surrender on May 7 th , 1945 Officially signed in Berlin on May 8 th Japan continues to fight New US President Truman is told of both the estimates of invasion, and a new weapon (Atomic bomb, or A-bomb)

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The End of One War, the Start of Another…

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  1. The End of One War, the Start of Another…

  2. End of the Axis • German military leaders surrender on May 7th, 1945 • Officially signed in Berlin on May 8th • Japan continues to fight • New US President Truman is told of both the estimates of invasion, and a new weapon (Atomic bomb, or A-bomb) • Japan given a final warning before they receive a “rain of ruin from the air” • Japan gives no response • August 6- Hiroshima (73,000) • “Little Boy” – U – 16 kilotons • August 9- Nagasaki (37,500) • “Fat Man” – Pu - 21 kilotons

  3. Terms of Surrender • No terms – Axis forced to surrender unconditionally • Why? • Nuremberg Trials • 22 Nazi leaders charged with crimes against humanity • 12 sentenced to death, 11 were hanged. • MacArthur trials • 25 charged with violating rules of war • Tojo and 6 others found guilty and were hanged

  4. Occupation of Germany • Both Germany, and Berlin split up into section controlled by the Allies • British, American, French, and Russian • Germany’s military is reduced to only a police/defense force • Liberated lands in Western Europe returned to original control • Liberated lands in Eastern Europe remained under Soviet control

  5. Occupation of Japan • Complete demilitarization and occupation by MacArthur and American military • Japan’s constitution was re-written by the Allies, changing the government to a parliamentary decmocracy • Japan’s emperor was forced to admit that he was not a god as was previously believed for centuries

  6. Postwar World • Formation of the United Nations (Oct 1945) • Stronger than League of Nations, more binding, with a “powerful” Security Council • In theory, only permanent Security Council members can have offensive military to be used as peacekeepers • Rise of Cold War • Places former allies against each other in an ideological stuggle

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