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Amphibians

Learn about the fascinating world of amphibians including their characteristics, challenges, and unique traits. Explore the diverse orders of Anurans, Urodelans, and Apodans in the animal kingdom. Gain insights into their adaptation to different environments and reproductive strategies. Dive into the realm of these captivating creatures with in-depth information.

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Amphibians

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  1. Amphibians Advanced Life Science Rainier Jr/Sr High School Mr. Taylor

  2. Amphibians • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Subphylum Vertebrata • Class Amphibia

  3. Amphibians • Amphibians are the first vertebrates to walk on land • Several challenges to overcome • Loss of buoyancy • No water for O2 movement • How to get reproductive cells together

  4. Amphibian Characteristics • Legs to lift body from ground • These were placed on the side of the body in a quadrapedal stance • Lungs • Larvae have gills, most adults have primitive lungs • Double loop circulation • heart to lungs to heart to body to heart

  5. Amphibian Characteristics • Partial division of heart chambers • 3 chambers created by division of atrium, single ventricle • Reduces mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood • Cutaneous respiration (skin breathers) • Diffusion of gasses across skin (thin, moist)

  6. 3 Orders of Amphibians • Anura: “without tail”: frogs and toads • Urodela: “with tail”: salamanders and newts • Apoda: “without feet”: caecelians

  7. Anurans • Frogs and toads • Adults are carnivorous, mostly insectivores • Have a sticky tongue attached at the front • External fertilization in bodies of water. • Eggs hatch to tadpoles • Gills for respiration • Mostly algae eaters • Tadpoles undergo metamorphosis to become adults with lungs

  8. Anurans • Tympanum: “eardrum” to detect sound vibrations • Good eyesight: are sight hunters • Brain • Increased size of cerebrum (thinking part) over that of fish

  9. Anurans

  10. Urodelans • Salamanders and newts • Must remain near water or in wet environments • Much more reliance on cutaneous respiration • Most use external fertilization • Some females will pick up “packets” of sperm deposited by males. May remain fertile for extended periods of time.

  11. Urodelans • Young hatch looking very similar to adult forms • Use gills for respiration • Most mature to lunged adults • Those not maturing to lungs are considered “neotonic” meaning they retain juvenile characteristics.

  12. Urodelans

  13. Apodans • Caecelians • Older forms had legs (fossil evidence) • Live underground and in burrows • This trait is called “fossorial” • Internal fertilization • Many live in South America/Africa • Little else known about these secretive animals

  14. Apodans

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