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Flaws in Arguments (2)

Flaws in Arguments (2). Critical Thinking D Gray March 2007 September 2009. Over generalisation. Boys are better than girls Accountants are boring People from Henley are posh Maths teachers are cool Identifying words: Generally Most On average Usually. Slippery Slope. Causation

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Flaws in Arguments (2)

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  1. Flaws in Arguments(2) Critical Thinking D Gray March 2007 September 2009

  2. Over generalisation • Boys are better than girls • Accountants are boring • People from Henley are posh • Maths teachers are cool Identifying words: • Generally • Most • On average • Usually

  3. Slippery Slope • Causation • Corroboration • Extremes Use of drugs Violence in films Euthanasia Not eating your greens

  4. Slippery Slope An argument which states that once the first step occurs, it leads, often inevitably, to further steps and to increasingly undesirable circumstances.

  5. Slippery Slope If you don’t do your homework, you’ll fail the critical thinking exam, get thrown out of school and end up working in McDonalds. “Fries with that sir?”

  6. Confusing necessary andsufficient conditions Necessary: Something which must happen for something else to happen. Sufficient: Something which must happen in order to be certain that something else will happen.

  7. Circular Arguments An argument in which the reason and conclusion are the same. Critical thinking is the best A level subject because it’s better than all the others.

  8. Restricting the Options Only giving two or three different, extreme choices. If we don’t set six hours of homework a night, and just don’t set any homework then students will fail all their subjects. Therefore we must set six hours a night.

  9. Inconsistency Errors in reasoning can weaken or destroy an argument Killing people is wrong. Murder is the ultimate crime deserving the ultimate punishment. Therefore, capital punishment for murder is justified.

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