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Keeps: Engineering or Architecture

Keeps: Engineering or Architecture. Conisborough Castle, England (Yorkshire), ca. 1180. Review of castle types. Motte -and-bailey castle ( Pleshey , England). Castle with stone keep ( Conisborough ). Concentric w/o keep ( Beaumaris ).

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Keeps: Engineering or Architecture

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  1. Keeps: Engineering or Architecture Conisborough Castle, England (Yorkshire), ca. 1180

  2. Review of castle types Motte-and-bailey castle (Pleshey, England) Castle with stone keep (Conisborough) Concentric w/o keep (Beaumaris)

  3. Stalley: Why don’t keeps belong in the architectural history major league? Romanesque churches Tower of London, 1077-97 Loches Castle Loches, France, 1030s Ambleny donjon (Aisne), France, 1140-43

  4. Liddiard: Is it possible that the design of medieval castles was determined more by the dictates of architectural style and status than military utility? Motte-and-bailey castle at Pleshey, England Castle with stone keep (Conisborough) Concentric w/o keep (Beaumaris)

  5. “Battle for Bodiam”: Last military castle or early castellated manor house? BodiamCastle, in East Sussex, England, 1385, owned by Sir Edward Dalyngrigge

  6. How much of the architecture of earlier castles can also be attributed to motives of status? 1070 1180 1295 1385 Pleshey Conisborough Beaumaris BodiamCastle

  7. What chapters in the traditional history of the castle might be revised? 9th century Castles originate in France sometime in the last decades of the Carolingian Empire (“an architecture of chaos”) 10th century Normans develop the motte-and-bailey castle type in France. 11th century - Normans (from Normandy in France) bring the castle in motte-and-bailey form to England when they invade in 1066, along with the social system called feudalism. Norman noblemen fight among themselves and started building private castles in stone. The approach is piecemeal without an overall design in mind. 12th century: Royal authority grows and siege engines improve in an evolutionary struggle between attacker and defender, making it prohibitively expensive for most private barons build castles. 12th – 13thcentury: Greater elaboration in defenses of castles for royal patrons (water, multiple rings of walls) counters advances in attack machinery. Apogee in military castle building reached in the late 13th century with Edward I’s castles in North Wales (Conway, Beaumaris). 14th – 15thcentury: Warfare is driven by battles rather than sieges (Wars of the Roses), and cannon fire made castles more and more obsolete. Castles still tried to deter more aggressive forms of local violence. Fortified residence begins to give way to the country manor with decorative crenellations for independent aristocrats with nostalgia for chivalry. 16th century: Henry VIII builds a chain of artillery forts across the kingdom, making medieval fortifications obsolete. 9th century Castles originate in France sometime in the last decades of the Carolingian Empire (“an architecture of chaos”) 10th century Normans develop the motte-and-bailey castle type in France. 11th century - Normans (from Normandy in France) bring the castle in motte-and-bailey form to England when they invade in 1066, along with the social system called feudalism. Norman noblemen fight among themselves and started building private castles in stone. The approach is piecemeal without an overall design in mind. 12th century: Royal authority grows and siege engines improve in an evolutionary struggle between attacker and defender, making it prohibitively expensive for most private barons build castles. 12th – 13thcentury: Greater elaboration in defenses of castles for royal patrons (water, multiple rings of walls) counters advances in attack machinery. Apogee in military castle building reached in the late 13th century with Edward I’s castles in North Wales (Conway, Beaumaris). 14th – 15thcentury: Warfare is driven by battles rather than sieges (Wars of the Roses), and cannon fire made castles more and more obsolete. Castles still tried to deter more aggressive forms of local violence. Fortified residence begins to give way to the country manor with decorative crenellations for independent aristocrats with nostalgia for chivalry. 16th century: Henry VIII builds a chain of artillery forts across the kingdom, making medieval fortifications obsolete.

  8. Norman Conquest of England King Edward I (r. 1272-1307) 1066 Anglo-Saxon burhs Anglo-Norman castles Pleshey Conisborough Beaumaris BodiamCastle William the Conqueror (1024-87)

  9. Leeds Castle, England (Kent), founded in 1119, building dates to 1278 (Edward I)

  10. Ravensworth Castle, England (Yorkshire), renovations end of 14th century

  11. 2. Devizes Castle, England (Wiltshire), 1107-39, built by Bishop Roger of Salisbury

  12. Devizes 19th-century Neo-Anglo-Norman Castle

  13. Launceston Castle, England (Cornwall), motte-and-bailey (1067), circular keep (13th cen.) Founder, Robert Count of Mortain half brother of William the Conqueror 12th – 13th centuries: residence of the Earls of Cornwall

  14. 4. Dovecote on grounds of Dunster Castle, England (Somerset), possibly 14th century

  15. 5. Dover Castle, England, 1154-89, outer curtain walls early 13th cen.

  16. Berkhamsted Castle, England (Hertforshire), motte (1066), stone curtain wall 12th cen. Founded by William the Conqueror in 1066

  17. Berkhamsted Castle, England (Hertforshire), motte (1066), stone curtain wall 12th cen.

  18. Clare Castle, England (Suffolk), motte (1070), stone shell keep (12th -13th cen.) Founder: Robert Fitz Gilbert, first of de Clare family

  19. Raglan Castle, England (Wales: Monmouthshire), founded 12th cen., remains date to 15th cen.

  20. Framlingham Castle, England (Suffolk), late 12th or early 13th century

  21. Views from FramlinghamCastle Royal foundation of Henry I given to Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk

  22. Architecture of English keeps as residences Castle Rising (Norfolk), England, ca. 1140

  23. Architecture of keeps as residences Timber halls Stacking timber halls Stone keeps Halls and Great Hall of the Saxon royal court at Yeavering, England, 7th - 9th cen. Castle Rising, ca. 1140 Saxon royal hall at Cheddar, England, ca. 1100

  24. Castles and keeps in England Castle Rising

  25. Castle Hedingham, England (Essex), ca. 1140 Founded by the first Earl of Oxford, Aubrey de Vere III (1115-94)

  26. Great Hall of Castle Hedingham

  27. Tower of London (White Tower), 1077-97, founded by William the Conqueror

  28. Tower of London (White Tower), 1077-97, founded by William the Conqueror

  29. Tower of London (White Tower), 1077-97

  30. Tower of London (White Tower), 1077-97

  31. St. John’s Chapel in the Tower of London (Romanesque), 1077-97

  32. St. John’s Chapel in the Tower of London (Romanesque), 1077-97

  33. St. John’s Chapel in the Tower of London (Romanesque), 1077-97

  34. Elaboration of 12th-century French and English keeps

  35. Ambleny donjon (Aisne), France, 1140-43

  36. Étampes donjon (Île-de-France), France, 1130s

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