Psychological Disorders

1. Psychological Disorders A.P. Psychology

2. Anxiety and Anxiety Related Disorders • Anxiety • Anxiety Disorders • Fears that are uncontrollable • Disproportionate • Disrupt ordinary life • Characteristics

3. 12 Types of Anxiety Disorders

4. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Persistent anxiety for at least 6 months, unlikely for the individual to be able to specify the reason for the anxiety. • Nervousness • Physical Symptoms • Yesterday’s Mistakes / Tomorrow’s Problems • Minor Matters • Biologically • Psychologically • Socially

5. Panic Disorder • Experience reoccurring anxiety, onset of intense fear, without warning or cause. • Physical Signs • Biological Causes • Psychological Causes • Sociocultural Causes

6. Specific Phobia • When a feared situation is so dreadful that an individual will go to almost any length to avoid it. • Irrational, overwhelming, persistent, fear of a particular object or situation. • Adaptive • Psychological Causes • Sociocultural • Knowledge

7. Social Anxiety Disorder • Intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in a social setting. • Evaluation • Examples • Biological Causes • Psychological Causes

8. Anxiety Related Disorders • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder • Olfactory Reference Syndrome • Body Focused Repetitive Behavioral Disorder • Post Traumatic Stress Disorder • Acute Stress Disorder • PTSD

9. Causes of Anxiety Related Disorders • Psychodynamic • Behavioral • Cognitive • Magnification • All or Nothing • Overgeneralization • Minimization • Biological • Cultural Variation

10. Depressive Disorders • Major Depressive Disorder • Time and impact • Symptoms • Depressed mood • Reduced interest or pleasure • Significant weight gains or loss • Sleep patterns • Fatigue • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt • Anhedonia • Delusional and Hallucinations • Daily basis • Episodic

11. Major Depressive Disorder • Biological Factors • Genes • Brain Structure • Neurotransmitters • Psychological • learned helplessness • Magnification • Rumination • Attribution • Pessimist • Optimist

12. Major Depressive Disorder • Sociocultural Factors • Socioeconomic Status • Native Americans • Women • Onset • Majority • Earlier onset • Seasonal Affective Disorder • Read about Bipolar Disorder for Homework.

13. Bipolar Disorder • Mania • Traits of mania • 2 Types • Bipolar I Disorder • Bipolar II Disorder • Cycles • Gender • Onset

14. Bipolar Disorder • Factors • Biological • Genetics • Neurotransmitters • Behaviorally • Experience • Treatment

15. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociation • Dissociative Disorder • Memory • Stress • Consciousness

16. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Amnesia • Memory Loss • What they know vs what they do not • Retrograde Amnesia • Specific time period vs all of their memory

17. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Identity Disorder • Characteristics • Each Identity • Schizophrenia • Media • History • Causes • Psychodynamic • Behaviorists • Biologically

18. Which of the following is not true concerning depression? • Depression is more common in females than in males. • Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor or event. • Most depressive episodes last less than 3 months. • Most people recover from depression without professional therapy.

19. The psychoanalytic perspective would most likely view phobias as • conditioned fears. • displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses. • biological predispositions. • manifestations of self-defeating thoughts.

20. After falling from a ladder, Peter is afraid of airplanes, although he has never flown. This demonstrates that some fears arise from • observation learning. • reinforcement. • stimulus generalization . • stimulus discrimination.

21. Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia? • inappropriate emotions • disturbed perceptions • panic attacks • disorganized thinking

22. John has an intense, irrational fear of snakes. He is suffering from a(n) • generalized anxiety disorder • obsessive – compulsive disorder • phobia • mood disorder

23. As a child, Monica was criticized severely by her mother for not living up to her expectations. This criticism was always followed by a beating with a whip. As an adult, Monica is generally introverted and extremely shy. Sometimes, however, she acts more like a young child, throwing tantrums if she doesn’t get her way. At other times, she is a flirting, happy-go-lucky young lady. Most likely, Monica is suffering from • a phobia • dissociative schizophrenia • dissociative identity disorder • bipolar disorder

24. Bob has never been able to keep a job. He’s been in and out of jail for charges such as theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would most likely be diagnosed as having • a dissociative identity disorder. • major depressive disorder. • schizophrenia. • an antisocial personality.

25. Alicia’s doctor, who thinks that Alicia’s depression has a biochemical cause, prescribes a drug that • reduces norepinephrine. • increases norepinephrine. • reduces serotonin. • increases acetylcholine.

26. Tracy reports feeling anxious, nervous, and “on edge” all day long. She is tired, but cannot seem to sleep well. Sometimes she feels like crying for no reason at all. If Tracy has a disorder, the best diagnosis is probably that Tracy is experiencing a __________ disorder. • psychogenic fugue • generalized anxiety • obsessive-compulsive • panic

27. Constantly checking and rechecking to confirm that the front door is really locked may be a sign of a • a fugue state. • a conversion disorder. • a phobia. • an obsessive-compulsive disorder.

28. The disorder that used to be called multiple personality disorder is • significantly less common than it was 50 years ago. • now one of the more common forms of schizophrenia. • classified as a dissociative identity disorder. • characterized by a sense of la belle indifference.

29. Which of these would be considered to be a positive symptom of schizophrenia? • a good prognosis • hallucinations • loss of affect • social withdrawal • Some of the voices heard may be nice.

30. A disorder characterized by the existence of two or more distinct personalities within one person is • schizophrenia • bipolar disorder • dissociative amnesia • dissociative identity disorder • panic disorder

31. Juan hears voices in his head that tell him he is worthless and evil. He believes that the government is monitoring his thoughts through his cell phone and his television. He also believes that there are always two special agents following him every time he leaves his apartment. Juan may be diagnosed with • bipolar disorder • dissociative identity disorder • schizophrenia • dissociative amnesia • agoraphobia

32. Simon was robbed at gunpoint four months ago. Ever since the event, he has had nightmares, recurrent thoughts about the attack, difficulty concentrating, and bouts of insomnia. Simon may be suffering from • phobia • Delusions of reference • obsessive compulsive disorder • posttraumatic stress • generalized anxiety disorder

33. Which of the following statements about dissociative identity disorder is true? • The original personality is always aware of the alternate personality. • Dissociative identity disorder is an alternate name for schizophrenia. • The personalities are typically all quite the similar to one another. • Starting in the 1970’s, there was a dramatic increase in the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder.

34. Mary believes that while she sleeps at night, space creatures are attacking her and invading her uterus, where they will multiply until they are ready to take over the world. Mary was chosen for this task, she believes, because she is the only one with the power to help the space creatures succeed. Mary would most likely be diagnosed with • schizophrenia • major depression • bipolar disorder • PTSD • Planter fasciitis

35. The syndrome characterized by manipulative, aggressive, exploitive behavior and a lack of conscience is • borderline personality. • narcissistic personality disorder. • histrionic personality disorder. • antisocial personality disorder.

36. A scientist who investigates the brain chemistry of people with schizophrenia is working from • The biological approach to mental disorders. • The threat-estimation model of mental disorders. • The humanist approach to mental disorders. • The medical model of mental disorders. • The koro approach to mental disorders.

37. If a patient with OCD continues a repetitive behavior which seems to prevent negative experiences she is demonstrating the effects of • Avoidance learning which is a type of operant conditioning. • Learned helplessness which is a form of shaping. • Negative punishment. • Distorted self concept. • A repetitive form of classical conditioning.

38. Sophie’s psychiatrist attempts to treat Sophie’s generalize anxiety disorder by prescribing an antianxiety medication, working with her to help her change her irrational thoughts that trigger increased anxiety, and working with her family to try to reduce environmental factors that have been causing more frequent panic attacks. This approach is best described as • Biopsychosocial • Humanistic • Psychoanalytic • Behavioral • Medical

39. A disorder which is characterized by being a law breaker, deceitful, and conning others. They display no regard for the safety of others. They do not keep promises or obligations. • Narcissistic Personality • Antisocial Personality • Delusion of reference • Schizophrenia • Borderline Personality

40. Donald believes that when the t.v. is on the charterers in the show are talking directly to him, giving hi instructions. This is a type of • Delusions of grandeur • Delusions of persecution • Delusions of reference • Delusions of influence • Delusions of vulnerability

41. Which of the following will most likely have a negative effect on the rehabilitation of the client. • Prescription medicine • Flat effect • Stress vulnerability model • Expressed emotion • Hypervigilance

42. An extreme form of memory loss due to high levels of psychological stress. • Retrograde Amnesia • Anterograde Amnesia • Dissociative Amnesia • Infantile Amnesia • Excoriation

43. Which of the following is not an OCD related disorder? • Hoarding • Excoriation • Trichotillomania • Body dysmorphic disorder • Acute stress disorder • Olfactory reference disorder • Body focused repetitive behavioral disorder

44. Treatment of Disorders

45. Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors: • Are usually genetically triggered. • Are organic diseases. • Arise from the interaction of nature and nurture. • Are the product of learning. • Are the product of the accumulation of drug induced states.

46. Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders? • Depression • Schizophrenia • Bipolar disorder • Generalized anxiety disorder • Antisocial personality disorder

47. Which of the following is not true of concerning depression? • Depression is more concerned in females than in males. • Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular event or factor. • Most depressive episodes last less than 3 months. • Most people recover from depression without professional therapy.

48. Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders, such as _______, are universal, whereas others, such as _______, are culture –bound. • Schizophrenia; depression • Depression; schizophrenia • Antisocial personality; neurosis • Depression; anorexia nervosa • Bulimia; depression

49. The effect of drugs that block receptors for dopamine is to • Alleviate schizophrenia symptoms. • Alleviate depression. • Increase schizophrenia symptoms. • Increase depression. • Increase bipolar disorder.

50. Phobias and obsessive compulsive disorder behaviors are classified as • Anxiety disorders • Mood disorders • Dissociative disorders • Personality disorders • Depressive disorders