Parts of Speech

1. Parts of Speech Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Prepositions, Interjections

2. Nouns • What is a noun? • It is a word that names a person, place, thing, idea, or quality. • Person • boy, teacher, Josh, doctor, mother • Place • Texas, city, countryside, United States • Thing • house, tree, horse, bicycle, ice cream • Idea • democracy, truth, illusion, fantasy • Quality • Beauty, caring, boredom, silliness

3. Making Nouns Possessive • When we want to show someone that owns something, we use possessive nouns. • To make a noun possessive, usually add an apostrophe and an s. • Sofia (noun) • Sofia’s cat (possessive noun) • Cat (noun) • The cat’s tail (possessive noun)

4. Making Nouns Plural • Play – Plays • Monkey – Monkeys • Party – Parties • Candy – Candies Example: The girl ordered a steak. (singular) The girls wanted to eat the steaks. (plural)

5. PRONOUNS • What is a pronoun? • It is a word that stands in for a noun. • Example: • Who are you? What is your name? • Here are the ways we use pronouns: • *to name specific people or things: You look at him. • *to point to non-specific people or things: Everyone enjoyed the party, but nobody remembered to thank the hostess.

6. *to point to some particular thing: This is the dress I want. • *to refer back to the subject: Bruce hurt himself. • *to show mutual action: Ryan and Wesley were wrestling and hurt each other. • *to add emphasis: I myself love pronouns. • *to ask a questions: Who is that? • *to show ownership: That’s not yours – it’s mine!

7. VERBS • What is a verb? • It is a word that shows action or state of being. • *actions– run, swim, jump, leap, fall, dream • *state of being – be, appear, seem, feel

8. Verb Tenses • There are 6 tenses you have to choose from: • Present tense: I eat pizza often. • Past tense:I ate pizza last night. • Future tense: I will eat pizza later today. • Present perfect tense: I have eaten pizza many times. • Past perfect tense: I had eaten pizza just before you arrived. • Future perfect tense: I will have eaten pizza at least a million times by the year 2020.

9. Adjectives • What is an adjective? • It is a word that describes a noun or pronoun and tells these things: • Which one: this, that, these • What kind: red, large, sick, cloudy, enormous, petitie • How many: six, four hundred, many, several

10. Adverbs • What is an adverb? • It is a word that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb (not a noun) and tells these things: • Where: there, here, outside, inside, away • When: now, then, later, immediately, yesterday • How: quickly, slowly, stupidly, gracefully • How often or how long: frequently, never, twice, sometimes • How much: hardly, extremely, minimally, greatly, too, more

11. ***Adjectives with an –ly tail • Most adverbs are formed by adding –ly to the adjective, so if you see an –ly word, it is usually an adverb. • Sad (adjective) Sadly (adverb) • Slow (adjective) Slowly (adverb) • Tender (adjective) Tenderly (adverb)

12. Conjunctions • What is a conjunction? • It is a word that joins words or groups of words. • And, but, yet, for, so, or, either, because • Example: • I would love to go out to eat and to the movies with you and Satie, but my mom says I have to do my homework.

13. PREPOSITIONS • What is a preposition? • It is a word that is always used with a noun or a pronoun to create what’s called a prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase shows a relationship between that noun or pronoun and anther word in the sentence. • Example: • I went up the street, down the street, and around the corner.

14. Interjections • What is an interjection? • It is a little word that does these things: • Expresses a feeling: wow, gee, golly, oops, darn • Says yes or no: yes, no, yep, nope, uh-huh, uh-uh • Calls attention: yo, hey, whoa • Indicates a pause: well, um, hmm, ah

15. KNOW THEM! • LOVE THEM! • THE EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH ARE YOUR FRIENDS!!!