Sentences and Parts of Speech

1. Sentences and Parts of Speech

2. Parts of Speech • Noun- • Pronoun- • Adjective- • Verb- • Adverb- • Preposition- • Conjunction-

3. Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives

4. Nouns • Person, place, things, (or idea) • Common nouns- any person, place, or thing (does not begin with a capital letter) • Ex. Poem, country, newspaper, day, school • Proper nouns- a specific person, place, or thing (begins with a capital letter) • Ex, “The Road Not Taken”, Italy, The Charlotte Observer, Friday, Jay M. Robinson

5. Pronouns • Pronoun- a word used in place of one or more nouns • Personal pronouns • First Person: refers to the one speaking • I, me, my, we, us, our, mine, ours • Second Person: refers to the one spoken to • you, yours, your • Third Person: refers to the person spoken about • he, him, his, she, hers, her, it, its, they, them, their, theirs

6. Other types of pronouns • Reflexive- refers to the subject • Myself, ourselves, yourself, itself, themselves • Demonstrative- points out a noun • This, that, these, those • Interrogative- introduces a question • What, which, who, whom, whose • Relative- introduces an adjective clause • That, which, who, whom, whose • Indefinite- refers to a noun that may or may not be specifically named • All, both, each, either, several, some, few, anyone, none

7. Adjective • Adjective: a word used to modify(describe) a noun or pronoun • What kind? • Quiet girl, hot coffee, tired dog • Which one? • Next class, first day, that student • How much? • Seven dollars, some homework, four hours • How many? • Several people, many books, thirty students

8. Let’s practice… Find the nouns in the following sentences. Also, capitalize any proper nouns. • Chinua achebe is a writer from nigeria. • The nobel peace prize went to mother teresa for that year. • On tuesday, margaret left for a new job in japan. • The team won a gold medal in hockey at the olympics. • The dark-haired girl is a student visiting from colombia. • To play baseball, ellen needs a mitt and some spiked shoes. • Our family visited the empire state building in new york city.

9. Let’s practice… Find the pronouns. 1. My friend Connie is proud of her cocker spaniel, which she herself found at an animal shelter. 2. Usually cocker spaniels grow to about thirteen inches tall, but this is actually a somewhat smaller dog. 3. Which would adapt itself better to city living, a small dog or a big one? 4. Estrella has a malamute that everyone admires. 5. Who gave it to her?

10. Let’s practice… Find the adjectives. Washington Irving was one of the first American writers who won an international reputation. Even as a young man, he had a whimsical spirit. In his humorous book The Sketch Book, he says he “made many tours of discovery into foreign parts and unknown regions” of his native city. A History of New York, his first book, was popular and successful. His quaint tales of life in the rural valleys near the Hudson River are delightful even today. Most students have heard of “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” These stories contain supernatural events. Irving spent many pleasant years in England and Spain. In Spain he wrote about Moorish legends. When he returned to this country, he built a comfortable house that he called “Sunnyside,” near Tarrytown, New York. He spent the rest of his long life there, devoting himself to literary matters.

11. Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, and Conjunctions

12. Verbs • Verb- a word used to express action or state of being • Infinitive- the most basic form of the verb • to + verb = inifinitive • Action verbs- express physical or mental activity • Ex. Laugh, play, walk, paint • Helping Verbs- works with the main verb to express action or state of being • Ex. Be, do, have, can, may, will, should • Linking Verbs- connects subject to a word or group of words that identify or describe the subject • Ex. Be, appear, seem, remain

13. Adverb • Adverb- modifies (describes) a verb, adjective, or another adverb • Where? • Here, nearby • When? • Then, immediately • How? • Carefully, slowly • To what extent? (how much? or how long?) • Extremely, excessively

14. Preposition • Preposition- shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun, to another word • Ex. About, among, aside, below, into, from, for, up, under, through, in front of, in addition to, before, between, by • Prepositional Phrase- preposition +noun or pronoun+ any modifiers • To the store, through the big cloud, for the mean teacher, in addition to the math homework, by the sea

15. Conjunction… • Conjunction- a word used to join words • Coordinating and Correlating • And, but, or, nor, so, so, yet, • both…and, not only… but also, either… or

16. Let’s practice… Identify the verbs. 1. Atlanta is the capital of Georgia. 2. It has become an important center for trade and manufacturing. 3. The state’s forests are a major source of wealth. 4. Lumbering has been an important industry since the early days. 5. Cotton remains one of the most valuable farm products in Georgia. 6. Macon is considered a beautiful old city. 7. This city is the birthplace of Sidney Lanier. 8. Lanier became a well-known poet. 9. Carson McCullers was another native of Georgia. 10. The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter is one of her most popular novels.

17. Let’s practice… Identify the adverbs. 1. The temperature of the water at the fish hatchery seldom varies. 2. The water never freezes. 3. It comes from unusually large springs. 4. It is very clear water. 5. Vapor sometimes rises from warm water. 6. Yesterday I read an article on the literature of India. 7. Ancient Indian writers first produced hymns called Vedas in about 1500 B.C. 8. Indian literature then entered its classical period. 9. Writers of this period commonly wrote Sanskrit. 10. Writers still use the classical version of Sanskrit.

18. Let’s practice… Identify the prepositions. 1. Humans’ original source of fire was probably lightning. 2. A fire started when a tree was struck by lightning. 3. Early people probably took coals from this fire and preserved them in a shelter. 4. The shelter was often deep within a cave. 5. An attendant may have stayed beside the coals. 6. All fires that the tribe needed probably were started by these coals. 7. If the tribe moved, the keeper of the fire may have carried the coals. 8. Sometimes a small fire was kept burning continuously in the shelter. 9. The attendant probably stayed near the fire and kept it going. 10. Humans first learned how to make their own fire during the Stone Age.

19. Parts of a sentence

20. Subject • Subject- tells who or what the sentence is about • Simple subject- main word that tells what the sentence is about • Team, color, stop, line • Complex subject- all the words that tell what the sentence is about • Favorite team, ugly color, bus stop, finish line

21. Predicate • Predicate- tells something about the subject • Simple and complex • is reading = is reading a novel • will eat = will eat lunch together • am = am a happy person

22. Let’s Practice… Identify the subject and the predicate. 1. Maritza’s favorite things to draw are imaginary creatures. 2. She and her friends spend hours inventing beasts. 3. Then they vote for the most imaginative creature among the group. 4. Can you guess Maritza’s favorite fabulous creature? 5. It is the legendary monster called the griffin. 6. The griffin is a combination of species. 7. Having the head, beak, and wings of an eagle and the body and legs of a lion, the griffin represents strength and vigilance. 8. The griffin originated in the Middle East