Radiography of Switchgear

1. Radiography of Switchgear Miguel Giovanny Rincón mgrinconb@unal.edu.co Universidad Nacional de Colombia June 28th 2013

2. OVERVIEW DefinitionSwitchgear Descriptiondevice Regular MaintenenseProcedure Aspectsof radiography Radiography of Switchagear Advantages Applications Summary Conclusions

3. Switchgear Protective system Function and actuation Figure 1. Swtichgear subestation [2] Figure 2. Swtichgear subestation [2] [2 ]www.stsproyectos.com

4. Swtichgear Figure 3. Gas Insolated Swtichgear [3] • Circuitbreaker • Disconnector • Relay • Interrupter [3] www.abb.com

5. Description Figure 4. Interrupter type PM 38/72 [1] [1] ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal.. 2012

6. RegularMaintenance Procedure In general, disassembly for inspection is time consuming and costly, and not always effective.

7. Radiography of Switchgear Figure 5. Picture Radiography Switchgear [1] Can see inside equipment without having to disassemble it !! [1] ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal.. 2012

8. Aspects of Radiography The invention of radiographs is attributed to Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen [4] 1895 took the world’s first X-ray photograph, showing his wife’s hand [4] [4 ]www.nobelprize.org/nobe

9. Aspects of Radiography • The principle: Electromagnetic radiation of specific wavelengths • Can be captured on film or even with a fluorescent screen

10. Radiography of Switchgear • Source of radiation Ir192 or Co60 • The X-ray setup is assembled around the equipment • After exposure, the screen is scanned and subsequently cleaned for reuse Figure 6. Assembly diagram inspection [1] [1] ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal.. 2012

11. Radiography of Switchgear Figure 7. Comparison of radiographic images and a diagram of a 38/72 PM interrupter [1] [1] ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal.. 2012

12. Advantages Time savings achieved means downtime is reduced from days to hours Table 1.Typical time savings achieved with radiography [1] [1] ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal.. 2012

13. Advantages • Time saving enables better maintenance planning. • Downtime and costs are minimized.

14. Aplications Figure 8. Examples of details revealed by radiography [1] Can use such images to measure parts that are subject to wear [1] ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal.. 2012

15. Aplications Figure 9. Comparing a “good” and a “bad” nozzle [1] [1] ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal.. 2012

16. Aplications Figure 10. Detached screw [1] [1] ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal.. 2012

17. Aplications Reference drawing Bolt is incorrectly inserted Correct bolt [1] ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal.. 2012

18. Summary

19. Conclusions • In view of the importance of switchgear in the delivery chain of electrical energy, utilities cannot afford not to inspect their switchgear regularly. • Risk of contributing further errors or causing damage in reassembly is diminished. • X-ray technology is the base of many procedures in medicine and industry now. • Technological development on maintenance procedures, case of radiography of switchgear, result in savings of time and money.

20. References • ABB reviev 4/12 Corporate Technical Journal. 2012 • Anderson,Power System Protection-IEEE_Presss Series on Power Engineering. P.M. • www.abb.com • www.nobelprize.org/nobel

21. Thanks for your Attention