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9/14 – Bell Ringer

9/14 – Bell Ringer. What does the word “secular” mean? How does humanism fit with secularism?. Marco Polo. 1) Based on Polo’s description how do you think China compares to life in 13 th century Venice? 2) What is the black stone Polo describes (more than likely)?

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9/14 – Bell Ringer

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  1. 9/14 – Bell Ringer • What does the word “secular” mean? How does humanism fit with secularism?

  2. Marco Polo • 1) Based on Polo’s description how do you think China compares to life in 13th century Venice? • 2) What is the black stone Polo describes (more than likely)? • 3) What can you discern about the Chinese economy during this time? • 4) Why do you think Europeans were so fascinated by Polo’s accounts? • 5) This was Columbus’ favorite book. What elements of Polo’s life do you think appealed to Columbus?

  3. Bell Ringer – 1/23 • Why were many people critical of the Catholic Church?

  4. Current Events– 1/23 • 1) Why did leaders from 21 countries meeting in the United Kingdom yesterday? • 2) What are Houthis? • 3) Why does the turmoil in Yemen have many fearing for their safety abroad? • 4) What is net neutrality? • 5) Why does Netflix support Net Neutrality laws?

  5. Protestant Reformation

  6. Christian Church Today Protestant Catholic Roman Catholic Irish Catholic Eastern Orthodox Russian Orthodox Protestant Reformation • Lutheran • Methodist • Anglican • Baptist • Presbyterians • Pentecostal • And lots more

  7. Protestant Reformation • Religious reform movement lead by Martin Luther. Wanted to change the church. • Causes • Christian Humanism – Intellectual change in religion – Humans have ability to reason • Desiderius Erasmus – Believed Christianity should show people how to live, and not be a list of thing you can’t do in order to get to heaven. • Fasting, Pilgrimages, and other minute details were not important

  8. Church Corruption • 1450-1520 – Popes were too concerned with politics (Medicis) and not faith • Church too concerned with Money “Indulgences” – Collection of money could release some sin and time in purgatory. • “Salvation” – Acceptance in Heaven • Catholic church stressed that you had to “earn” salvation. • Usually through work or money payments or sacrifices.

  9. Martin Luther • German Monk and Professor at University of Wittenburg – Studied the Bible • Disagreed with Catholic Church • Catholic Church said that Faith and Good Works were required for salvation. • Luther believed that humans were powerless and could not “earn” salvation. • Humans can only be “saved” through their faith in God. • God was merciful and would allow you salvation if you believed. Called “Justification”

  10. The Bible • According to the Catholic Church – Religious law comes from The Bible, The Pope, and Roman Catholic Saints, Scholars, and Politicians. • Pretty much, anyone could say anything as long as they had power. • Made worse because commoners had no access to the Bible and could not read Latin. • Martin Luther– Believed that the Bible is THE ONLY source of religious truth. • Everything else is made up by flawed humans. (Similar belief to Muslims)

  11. 95 Theses • 1) Luther hated indulgences • 2) Luther believed that buying forgiveness was actually a sin on its own. • 3) Luther posted a list of 95 complaints on the doors of his church and others. • The Theses spread to all parts of Germany. • Pope Leo X said Luther was a “drunken German who will amend his ways when he sobers up”. • Luther became angry and began to consider breaking up the Catholic Church in Germany.

  12. 8/25 Bell Ringer • What was the money generated by the selling of indulgences used for? • Pope Leo X

  13. 95 Theses Bell Ringer(Write on back of your 95 Theses reading) • 1) What was the main Catholic behavior Martin Luther detested? • 2) Instead of St. Peter’s what should the church spend their money on? • 3) According to Luther, why is it selfish that the Pope would say he has control over Purgatory? • 4) Why would buying indulgences actually make people more likely to go to Purgatory?

  14. King Henry the Eighth, to six wives he was wedded. One died, one survived, two divorced, two beheaded.

  15. Martin Luther Timeline p. 55-58 • 1517 • 1520 • 1521 • 1522 • 1524 • 1529 • 1547 • 1555

  16. 1/29 Bell Ringer • According to Martin Luther, religious law can only come from where?

  17. Current Events 1/29 • 1) Why do many people criticize the Saudi Arabian government? • 2) What common interests do the US and Saudi Arabia have? • 3) Who were the Friendship 9? • 4) Why are mosquitos dangerous? • 5) What animals are dying in California?

  18. Break From The Church • 1520 – Luther is fed up with the Church. • He asks German Princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany. • He did away with most Catholic Sacraments. • Confession, Confirmation, Marriage, Last Rites, Holy Orders (or Pope’s Orders) • All that he kept were Communion and Baptism. • Luther also called for Clergy to marry. • 1521 – Luther was excommunicated from the church. (Kicked out of the religion) • 1521 – Charles V – Emperor of Holy Roman Empire – make Luther an Outlaw of the State “Edict of Worms”

  19. Rise of Lutheranism • Luther – became Revolutionary • Gained support from German rulers and took over German Catholic Churches. • Established new church services. • Bible Reading, Preaching, Song • Became known as “Lutheranism” or Lutheran Church. • 1524 – Peasant Revolt asked for Luther’s help. • He refused – Said German Lords must keep peace to spread gospel.

  20. Reformation throughout Europe • Peace of Augsburg – symbolized the end of Christian unity. • Meant Protestant churches were now equal to Catholic. • Germany – Lutheranism emerged • Switzerland – Zwinglian Reformation • Switzerland – Calvinism • England – Church of England • Europe – Anabaptists • Italy – Catholic Reformation and Jesuits

  21. Spread of Calvinism • The belief in predestination gave Calvinists the belief they were doing God’s work. • And if they were doing God’s work they were predestined to go to heaven • Calvinists took over the city of Geneva. • Becomes a powerful city of Protestantism • Calvinists sent missionaries throughout Europe. • By mid 16th century Calvinism was most important Protestant church.

  22. Reformation in England • King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. • They couldn’t produce a male heir • Only had one child that lived, Mary • Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn but the pope would not annul his marriage. • Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, ruled that king’s marriage was null and void. • Anne became queen, got pregnant, and had a girl, Elizabeth.

  23. Reformation in England • Henry asked Parliament to break from the Catholic Church. • “Act of Supremacy of 1534” – declared that the king was supreme head on earth of the new Church of England. • Thomas More, a Christian Humanist, and devout Catholic, was beheaded for disagreeing with the King. • Henry sold Catholic property and land. • Henry’s religious ideals remained very close to Catholicism.

  24. Henry’s Death • Henry was succeeded by his sickly nine year old son, Edward VI. • From his third wife Jane Seymour. • During Edward’s brief reign church officials moved the Church of England towards Protestant doctrines. • Edward died at age 16, and was succeeded by Mary. • She was a devout Catholic. • Mary wanted to restore the Catholic church and persecuted and killed Protestants as heretics. • By her death, England hated her so much they were even more Protestant.

  25. The Catholic Reformation • Three main causes for rejuvenated Catholic Church. • 1) The Jesuits • 2) Reform of the Papacy • 3) The Council of Trent • By the end of 16th century the Catholic Church had stopped the conversion of Catholics to Protestanism.

  26. Reform of the Papacy • New Pope Paul III appointed a commission to reform the corrupt policies of the pope. • Pope called for Council of Trent – a group of cardinals, bishops, abbots, and theologians. • Met for 18 years to decide what changes should be made. • Reaffirmed that good works were essential to salvation. • Reaffirmed the seven sacraments and clerical celibacy • Selling of indulgences was forbidden.

  27. Exit Slip • One of the groups the Catholic church targeted was the illiterate. • Why do you think the illiterate were less likely to convert to Protestantism?

  28. Page 60 – Definitions and Questions 6-8 • Page 66 – Definitions and Questions 6-8 • Write a 5 paragraph essay with thesis statement. • Prompt: “What is the best holiday?”

  29. 8/28 - Bell Ringer • What was the Council of Trent? How did it change the Catholic Church?

  30. Intro Paragraph • Attention grabber (Question or bold statement) • Informative sentence (What are you talking about) • Thesis Statement (What do you think and 3 reasons why?)

  31. Bell Ringer – 1/30 • What was the Council of Trent? What change did it make?

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