A D ecision S upport S ystem for Water Management TRAINING WORKSHOP

1. A Decision Support System for Water Management TRAINING WORKSHOP Droubi, A., Al-Sibai, M., Abdallah, A., Zahra, S. & Obeissi, M. (ACSAD) Wolfer, J., Huber, M., Hennings, V. & Schelkes, K. (BGR) El Hajji, K., Dechiech, M (ABHBC) ARAB – GERMAN TECHNICAL COOPERATION

3. , • WEAP STATUS • WEAP installed? Licensed? • Knowledge? • Participants of Training Workshop in Agadir (7/2007)? • Who managed to do the Tutorial exercises? • Resources (User Guide, Tutorial, Project Report, DSS-Model Berrechid, Workshop license).

4. WATER EVALUATION & PLANNING SYSTEM - www.weap21.org 1) ENTER AS HARD DATA GW-RECHARGE/IRRIGATION DEMAND & SURFACE RUNOFF CALCULATIONS IN WEAP: 2) FAO, IRRIGATION DEMAND ONLY 3) FAO RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL (ETref, Kc) 4) SOIL MOISTURE MODEL (soil, plant & climate parameters) wellfields artificial recharge QUAL2K MODEL MODFLOW MODEL

5. Program Structure Menu bar 5 Main Views

6. Schematic View Click and drag to create a new demand site

7. Data View Data for the demand sites is displayed numerically and graphically

8. Results View Results can be displayed in a number of formats and scales

9. Results Displayed on the Map

10. Overview View Favorite charts can be selected to give quick overviews

11. Notes View Select any part of the tree to enter notes about assumptions and references

12. Demand Sectors Irrigation Ecosystems Livestock Domestic Total Water Demand Mining Commercial Industrial Major Cities

13. Entering Demand Data Data can be at the level of a site, or disaggregated to any level of detail

14. Building Expressions Use the time series wizard or expression builder

15. Supply Information • Rivers • Groundwater • Diversions • Reservoirs • Other sources (e.g. desalination)

16. WEAP Network Linking supply and demand Return flows to surface or ground water or treatment plants

17. Let’s start with a quick summary of the original version of WEAP, and most other water resource management simulation models for the matter.

18. A Simple System

19. What are we assuming?

20. What are we assuming? • That we know how much water is flowing at the top of each river.

21. What are we assuming? • That we know how much water is flowing at the top of each river. • That we know how much water is flowing into or out of the river as it moves downstream.

22. What are we assuming? • That we know how much water is flowing at the top of each river. • That we know how much water is flowing into or out of the river as it moves downstream. • That we know what the water demands are with certainty.

23. What are we assuming? • That we know how much water is flowing at the top of each river. • That we know how much water is flowing into or out of the river as it moves downstream. • That we know what the water demands are with certainty. • Basicly, that this system has been removed from it HYDROLOGIC context.

24. What do we do now?

25. ADD HYDROLOGY! 4 MODELLING OPTIONS 1) ENTER AS HARD DATA 2) FAO, IRRIGATION DEMAND ONLY 3) FAO RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL (ETref, Kc) 4) SOIL MOISTURE MODEL (soil, plant & climate parameters)

26. Groundwater (1 bucket model) + Groundwater flow model (if linked to MODFLOW) WEAP only Resolution: SC WEAP linked to MODFLOW Resolution: MF-grid WEAP Hydrology

27. Groundwater (1 bucket model) + Groundwater flow model (if linked to MODFLOW) The WEAP 2-Bucket Hydrology Module Surface Runoff = f(Pe,z1,1/LAI)

28. GW GW One 2-Bucket Model or one 1-Bucket model if linked to Groundwater per Land Use Class

29. Some Comments • The number of parameters in the model are fairly limited and are at least related to biophysical characteristics of the catchment. • The irrigation routine includes an implicit notion of irrigation efficiency. • Seepage can only pass from the lower bucket to the river, not the other way. • If linked to Modflow also infiltration and exfiltration is considered (river package)

31. DEMANDS Irrigation Ecosystems Livestock Domestic Total Water Demand Mining Commercial Industrial Major Cities

32. Total Storage Flood Control Zone Top of Conservation Conservation Zone Top of Buffer Buffer Zone Top of Inactive Inactive Zone SUPPLIES • Rivers • Groundwater • storage capacity • max monthly withdrawal • natural recharge • Diversions • Reservoirs • Other sources (e.g. desalination)

33. LINKED DSS - MODELING COMPONENTS (calibrated alone beforehand) MODFLOW GW-FLOW-MODEL Modflow 2000 WEAP – MODEL (WEAP21) • Water Evaluation and Planning System • (www.weap21.org – Stockholm Environmental Institute) • Water management and planning model and remote control of MODFLOW to calculate: • -groundwater recharge • -irrigation demand • -detailed water balances for defined spatial planning units • Resolution: • catchment/ landuse class/ MF raster • Input: • -climate data • -abstraction data (domestic) • -soil and crop data • -planning scenario setup • Licence: • -free to developing countries • -free to state institutions • Mathematical flow model to calculate: • Groundwater: • -level • -storage • -river interaction • -discharge at springs • Resolution: • -as raster (here 200x200m) • Input: • -3D geometry of the aquifer • -permeabilities • -boundary conditions • Licence: • -free

34. LINKED DSS - MODELING COMPONENTS (calibrated alone beforehand) MODFLOW GW-FLOW-MODEL Modflow 2000 WEAP – MODEL (WEAP21) • Water Evaluation and Planning System • (www.weap21.org – Stockholm Environmental Institute) • Spatial units: • catchment/ subcatchment/ landuse class • -> assigned climate and land (soil/crop) data • assigned groundwater node = aquifer • Demand Site: • -domestic, industry, agriculture,… • -calculated irrigation demand • Supply: • -groundwater • -river, lake, reservoir, waste water… • Linking demand and supply and assign respective constraints. • MODFLOW - files (ascii/ binary) • .mfn namefile • .rch recharge • .riv gw - river interaction • .wel assigned wells • (.bas confining layers,.out results, .hed hydraulic head, .ccf cell to cell flow, .dis cell geometry,…) • 3 D Grid: • -row, column, layer • (top, bottom, permeability,… • Boundary conditions: • -no flow, flow boundary • only constant boundary conditions can be used in the WEAP-MODFLOW linkage (cannot be altered through WEAP)

35. Supply/ Demand Management (Scenarios) SURFACE WATER (RIVER) GW-recharge River & drain packages springs/ SW-GW interaction GROUNDWATER MODFLOW GW-FLOW-MODEL Raster cell resolution for heads, flow, storativity,.... WEAP Groundwater Node simple (sub)catchment “tank”

36. Link WEAP – MODFLOW Via shape-file WEAP- ATTRIBUTES Check report MF-ATTRIBUTES

37. HOW TO LINK THE MODELS TO A DSS ? WEAP – MODEL (same time step like MF) MODFLOW GW-FLOW-MODEL (1 unconfined aquifer) 1) Enter data and calibrate the standalone Modflow model 2) Enter data and calibrate the standalone WEAP model (runoff/ GW-recharge?) 3) Link the 2 models by a „linkage shape-file“ 4) If necessary recalibrate models 5) Incorporate well field characteristics (optional) dry wells-syntax: If(ModflowCellHead(layer, row, column).< meters, 0, 100) 6) Develop scenarios (demands, climate, irrigation practices artificial recharge, waste water reuse) 7) Utilize the DSS by discussing results with stakeholders and decision makers 8) Update inputs and refine scenarios

38. , • WEAP EXERCISE