STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation.

1. STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Describe the events of Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency. Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to regulate business. Identify laws passed to protect public health and the environment. Summarize Roosevelt’s stand on civil rights.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. Section 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal As president, Theodore Roosevelt works to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms. NEXT

4. SECTION 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal A Rough-Riding President Roosevelt’s Rise • Theodore Roosevelt has sickly childhood, drives self in athletics • Is ambitious, rises through New York politics to become governor • NY political bosses cannot control him, urge run for vice-president NEXT

5. SECTION 3: TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL When President William McKinley was assassinated 6 months into his second term, Theodore Roosevelt became the nations 26th president McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist in Buffalo in September of 1901

6. ROOSEVELT AND THE ROUGH RIDERS Roosevelt grabbed national attention by advocating war with Spain in 1898 His volunteer cavalry brigade, the Rough Riders, won public acclaim for its role in the battle at San Juan Hill in Cuba Roosevelt returned a hero and was soon elected governor of NY and later McKinley’s vice-president

7. Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

8. SECTION 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal A Rough-Riding President • The Modern Presidency • President McKinley shot; Roosevelt becomes president at 42 • His leadership, publicity campaigns help create modern presidency • Supports federal government role when states do not solve problems • - Square Deal—Roosevelt’s progressive reforms NEXT

9. THE MODERN PRESIDENT When Roosevelt was thrust into the presidency in 1901, he became the youngest president ever at age 42 He quickly established himself as a modern presidentwho could influence the media and shape legislation

10. Chapter 9: Section 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal • A – What actions and characteristics of Teddy Roosevelt contributed to his reputation as the first modern president? • Roosevelt was an active, forceful, and energetic executive; • He used his position to shape legislation and to influence the media.

11. SECTION 3 Using Federal Power • Trustbusting • By 1900, trusts control about 4/5 of U.S. industries • Roosevelt wants to curb trusts that hurt public interest • - breaks up some trusts under Sherman Antitrust Act Continued . . . NEXT

12. TRUSTBUSTING By 1900, Trusts – legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies – controlled 80% of U.S. industries Anti-Trust- legislation designed to prevent monopolies Progressive party- political movement to change social and political accountability of govt. Roosevelt filed 44 antitrust suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act

13. SECTION 3 Using Federal Power • 1902 Coal Strike • Coal reserves low; forces miners, operators to accept arbitration • Sets principle of federal intervention when strike threatens public Continued . . . NEXT

14. 1902 COAL STRIKE In 1902 140,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike for increased wages, a 9-hour work day, and the right to unionize Mine owners refused to bargain Roosevelt called in both sides and settled the dispute Thereafter, when a strike threatened public welfare, the federal government was expected to step in and help

15. B – What was significant about the way the 1902 coal strike was settled? • From that point on the federal govt was expected to play a more active role in settling labor disputes.

16. SECTION 3 continuedUsing Federal Power • Railroad Regulation • Roosevelt pushes for federal regulation to control abuses • - Elkins Act—stops rebates, sudden rate changes • - Hepburn Act—limits passes, ICC to set maximum rates NEXT

18. SECTION 3 Health and the Environment Regulating Foods and Drugs • Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle—unsanitary conditions in meatpacking • Roosevelt commission investigates, backs up Sinclair’s account • Roosevelt pushes for Meat Inspection Act: - dictates sanitary requirements - creates federal meat inspection program Continued . . . NEXT

19. “THE JUNGLE” LEADS TO FOOD REGULATION After reading The Jungleby Upton Sinclair, Roosevelt pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 The Act mandated cleaner conditions for meatpacking plants

20. SECTION 3 Health and the Environment Pure Food and Drug Act • Food, drug advertisements make false claims; medicines often unsafe • Pure Food and Drug Act halts sale of contaminated food, medicine - requires truth in labeling Continued . . . NEXT

21. PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT In response to unregulated claims and unhealthy products, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906 The Act halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling The Pure Food and Drug Act took medicines with cocaine and other harmful ingredients off the market

22. C – What similarities did the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act share? • Both acts created regulations that protected consumers’ health. • Inspired by Upton Sinclair – the jungle

23. SECTION 3 continuedHealth and the Environment • Conservation and Natural Resources • 1887, U.S. Forest Bureau established, manages 45 million acres • Private interests exploit natural environment NEXT

24. ROOSEVELT AND THE ENVIRONMENT Before Roosevelt’s presidency, the federal government paid very little attention to the nation’s natural resources Roosevelt made conservation a primary concern of his administration Roosevelt, left, was an avid outdoorsman – here he is with author John Muir at Yosemite Park

25. SECTION 3 continuedHealth and the Environment • Conservation Measures • Roosevelt sets aside forest reserves, sanctuaries, national parks • Believes conservation part preservation, part development for public NEXT

26. ROOSEVELT’S ENVIROMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves He also set aside 1.5 million acres of water-power sites and he established 50 wildlife sanctuaries and several national parks Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

28. D – Summarize Roosevelt’s approach to environmental problems. • Roosevelt worked for conservation, • preserving some resources but allowing some to be used, too.

29. SECTION 3 Roosevelt and Civil Rights Civil Rights at the Turn of the 20th Century • Roosevelt does not support civil rights for African Americans • Supports individual African Americans in civil service - invites Booker T. Washington to White House • NAACP—National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - goal is full equality among races • Founded 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois and black, white reformers NEXT

30. ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTS Roosevelt failed to support Civil Rights for African Americans He did, however, support a few individuals such as Booker T. Washington

31. NAACP FORMED TO PROMOTE RIGHTS In 1909 a number of African Americans and prominent white reformers formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People The NAACP had 6,000 members by 1914 The goal of the organization was full equality among the races The means to achieve this was the court system 1964 Application