GSM Based Soil Monitoring

GSM Based Soil Monitoring By: • Adwait Gharat • Mrunal Gedam • Tushar Patil Under the guidance of: • Prof. K. T. Talele Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Electronics Engineering Department

Organization of Presentation • Introduction • Current Scenario • Patent Research • Literature Review Objective • Proposed System • System Flow • Algorithm • Technologies Used • Final Prototype • Calibration/Interfacing • Experiment Results • Application Areas • Advantages • Patent Registration • Future Scope

Introduction • Indian economy is agro-based • Proper information of soil conditions is very important • The yield directly depends on soil conditions • Soil condition is determined in terms of its parameters

Current Scenario • Traditional methods used resulting in wastage of – • Water • Fertilizer • Electricity • Fertilizers and water provided without considering the soil requirements reducing – • the soil productivity • yield

Patent Research • Patent Number : 1 • Patent Application : 1090/DEL/2007 • Title : DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR AN FARM WATER MANAGEMENT (FARM WAT) • Claims : • Decision support system for on-farm water management in canal command areas • It takes into account the various decision elements like canal water supply, root zone water balance, effective rainfall and direct surface runoff • Farm Wat is a modular programme, which can be used for irrigation scheduling of crops and groundwater pumping

Patent Research • Patent Number : 2 • Patent Application : 1020000021814 • Title : WATER CONTENT MEASUREMENT METHOD AND SYSTEM THEREOF • Claims : • A measuring method of water content in soil and system thereof are provided • Characterized in that water content, concentration of fertilizer and salt in soil are measured at the same time • The system controls irrigation and fertilizing

Patent Research • Patent Number : 3 • Patent Application : 12/698059 • Title : WIRELESS SOIL SENSOR UTILIZING A RF FREQUENCY FOR PERFORMING SOIL MEASUREMENTS • Claims : • A wireless soil sensor for using a RF frequency for performing soil moisture measurements • The sensor preferably includes a sensing component integrated directly with a radio and a microcontroller. • The wireless soil sensor is designed to be buried underground and to transmit to above ground receivers.

Patent Research • Patent Number : 4 • Patent Application : WO2008IT00671 20081029 • Title : WIRELESS SYSTEM FOR GREENHOUSE MONITORING AND CONTROL • Claims : • The system consists of a wireless network of devices based upon standard IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) • In the wireless network there are: battery-powered low-consumption sensor nodes for detecting, at programmable time intervals, the values of the parameters, inside and/or outside, of interest for the optimal growth of the cultivations

Patent Research • Patent Number :5 • Patent Application : 09/372351 • Title : SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT OF SOIL PH • Claims : • An apparatus for automatically measuring soil pH at a relatively large number of places in a field • Automatically creating a soil pH map by simultaneously measuring the position of the apparatus and storing the pH data in association with the location from which the corresponding soil sample was taken.

Patent Research • Patent Number : 6 • Patent Application : 11/465780 • Title : WIRELESS PH MEASUREMENT SYSTEM • Claims : • Wireless pH measurement system is disclosed, the wireless pH measurement system includes a portable module and a receiver end • The portable module comprises a sensor unit for detecting a pH signal, amplifying, filtering noise, analog/digital conversion and numerical processing to generate a pH measurement signalwhich is transmitted by a Bluetooth module • The receiver end processes the pH measurement signal by programs, displays, analyzes and stores the pH measurement signal and transmits warning signal when an abnormal pH measurement signal is received

Literature Review Objective • To develop a wireless cost efficient soil parameter monitoring system that will facilitate real time measurement of soil parameters (moisture and pH) and thereby reduce the on-field wastage of water and improve the yield

Proposed System Sensor Module Micro- controller Mobile Phone GSM

System Flow

Algorithm START Whether user request present ? No Whether soil pH falls in the required range ? Whether sufficient moisture present in soil ? Yes Sense pH & moisture value Yes No Yes No Notify the user to stop the water supply Check & compare the pH value with the pre-fed soil pH conditioning table & suggest solution to the user Notify the user no action required Notify the user to continue the water supply END

Technologies Used CodeVision AVR- An integrated software development environment for microcontrollers family of Atmel AVR It includes - • compiler C -like language for the AVR • compiler assembler for AVR • the initial program code generator that allows to initialize peripherals • module interaction with the programmer • source code editor with syntax highlighting terminal

Technologies Used SIM 300 GSM Module- • Highly Reliable for 24x7 operation with Matched Antenna • Status of Modem Indicated by LED • Simple to Use & Low Cost • Supports all GSM operator SIM cards • Low Power Consumption • Serial Interface • Operating Temperature – -30 to +80 degree C

Technologies Used • ATmega32 – • Modified Harvard architecture • 8-bit RISC based microcontroller • Max. Operating Frequency 16 MHz • High-performance, low-power • 32KB of programmable flash memory • 2KB SRAM, 1KB EEPROM • 8-channel 10-bit A/D converter • JTAG interface for on-chip debugging

Technologies Used • Luster Leaf 1840 Rapitest Soil pH Meter – • Corded probe and large scale plate allow for easy use and reading of results. • Automatically measures soil pH • No chemicals or litmus paper required • Product specifically designed to be used in soil • No batteries required

Final Prototype

Calibration/Interfacing • Analog Voltage on Probes low in resolution Range : 0-100 mV • Voltage Divider circuit implemented Range : 0-2.5 V • Output given to ADC pins • Corresponding ADC values checked • Calibration done accordingly

Organization of Presentation • Introduction • Current Scenario • Patent Research • Literature Review Objective • Proposed System • System Flow • Algorithm • Technologies Used • Calibration/Interfacing • Experiment Results • Application Areas • Advantages • Patent Registration • Future Scope

Experiment Results • Output for various pH ranges – • Soil pH < 5.5 : Dissolve 100kgSodium hydroxide in 200 litres water + 5kg Humic acid. Mix the whole contents in 2 tonnes of Lime and allow to dry Quantity- 200-250 kg/acre • 5.5 <= Soil pH < 6 : Lime Quantity- 91kg/1000 sq.ft. or 1.1ton/acre • 6 <= Soil pH < 7.5 : Appropriate soil pH conditions

Experiment Results • Output for various pH ranges – • 7.5 <= Soil pH < 8 : Elemental sulfur Quantity- 11 kg/1000 sq.ft. or 440 kg/acre • Soil pH >= 8 : Aluminum Sulphate Quantity- 200 kg/1000 sq.ft. or 8.4 ton/acre

Experiment Results • Output for moisture range – • Soil Moisture < 80% : Moisture level lower than threshold. Water supply required • Soil Moisture >= 80% : Moisture saturation level reached. Switch off water supply

Application Areas • Farms • Orchards • Vineyards • Green-houses

Advantages • Real Time Parameter Monitoring • Low Cost • Low Power Consumption • Remote Monitoring Possible • Portable • Reduction in Manual Labour & Time • Conservation of Water and Electricity

Patent Registration • Title : SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR GSM BASED SOIL MONITORING • Patent Application : 1409/MUM/2013 • Dated : 15/04/2013 Patent Office : Govt. of India • The claims of our project are -

Patent Registration • System claim • A system for monitoring soil parameters comprising, • atleast one soil moisture sensing module; • atleast one soil pH sensing module; • atleast one microcontroller module; and • a GSM module;

Patent Registration • Wherein soil moisture sensing module is capable of monitoring the moisture content of soil; and • Wherein soil pH sensing module is capable of monitoring the pH value of soil; and • Wherein the microcontroller module is capable of processing the monitored data in accordance with a predefined algorithm directing to a pre-populated database reflecting the contact information for the communication; and • Wherein the GSM module is capable of transmitting monitored data to a user wirelessly

Patent Registration • Method claim • A method for reducing onfield water wastage and maintaining pH value of the soil, the method comprising the steps of • monitoring soil pH and soil moisture; • processing monitored data; • notifying the user with outcome of data processing on mobile phone

Patent Registration • Wherein monitoring the soil pH and moisture fetches the values in real time and provide the microcontroller the values for processing;and • Wherein processing the monitored data according to a predefined algorithm provides the user with a solution for maintaining the soil pH and soil moisture;and • Wherein notifying the user with the outcome of data processing on his mobile phone allows remote soil monitoring providing the user with the ease of location

Future Scope • This system can be improved further by monitoring and controlling other parameters as well like- • Temperature • Soil nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur • Surrounding gases

GSM Based Soil Monitoring

GSM Based Soil Monitoring

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