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Volcanoes

Discover the fascinating world of volcanoes with this comprehensive guide. Learn about shield volcanoes, hot spots, cinder cone volcanoes, and composite volcanoes, with audio and visual examples. From the towering Kilauea to the explosive Paricutin, delve into the unique characteristics and histories of these natural wonders.

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Volcanoes

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  1. Volcanoes

  2. Shield Volcanoes • Basaltic magma - from oceanic crust – very dense • Shield shaped- more flat and rounded than other volcanoes – wider than tall • Very quiet non-explosive eruption - Lava erupts from the rift zones or faults on the surface of the cone

  3. Exists as a shield volcano • One of the most active volcanoes on Earth • Towers at a height of 4,190 feet above sea level • 1,000 year old lava envelopes the exterior of this volcano KILAUEA • January 3,2003 – 20 year old birthday of eruption that is still going on – Longest eruption known in Earth’s existence

  4. Hot Spots • Hot Spots: Not all volcanoes develop along plate boundaries. Sometimes magma works its way up through earth’s lithospheric plates. • Areas where this occurs is called a hot spot. • Hot spots appear to be stationary but are they really? ______ Why? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________. • What is an example of a hot spot? __________________________

  5. Volcanic Hot Spot Audio and Visual click here to view and listen to how hot spots are created

  6. Cinder Cone Volcano Characteristics • Characteristics- • Granitic lava- only continental crust • “Narrow” bases and the steepest sides • Pyroclastic (aka - tephra) explosions - mixtures of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases – VERY EXPLOSIVE

  7. Paricutin • Now stands at a height of 10,400 ft. (3170 meters) • Only one eruption in history—lasted from 1943 to 1952 • Inactive since then • Once cinders erupted, the cone was slowly built up and added to over the years in size • A cinder cone volcano • Located in Mexico • February 20, 1943—Farmer noticed bulge growing in cornfield-within week grew to 100 meters in height • Within five months of the first eruption, the town was evacuated and lay covered in ash and lava

  8. Composite Volcanoes • Made of granitic and basaltic lava • Tall and Wide Mountains - “Middle sized volcano” • Tephra (pyroclastic) and lava flows (at different times)…Can be quiet or very explosive • Examples: Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, Mount Shasta, Mount Hood

  9. Mount St. Helens • Example of a composite volcano • Located in the state of Washington, USA • First estimated eruption occurred about 10,000 years ago • Summit stands at 8,363 feet • 57 people died in the 1980 eruption • Also the most examined eruption in recent history • Most recent eruption was in 1990 • Oldest rocks on mountain = 40,000-50,000 years old • 1980 eruption is one of the most powerful eruptions by Mt. St. Helens in its history

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