The Colonial Economy

1. The Colonial Economy

2. Bell Ringer 11/7 • What do you know about Utah’s election?? Remember this is individual work

3. Southern Colonies • South depended on agriculture • Warm climate and long growing seasons led to many farms and plantations • Farms grew CASH CROPS – crops so for profit • Virginia specialized in tobacco • South Carolina specialized in rice and indigo

4. Slaves performed most of the plantation labor. • When a job was finished a slave may be allowed to do their own work. • A few slaves were able to earn enough money to buy their freedom. • Most southern colonies pass SLAVE CODES - Laws to control slaves • Due to fear of revolt – slaves were not allowed to hold meetings or own weapons • If a slave ran away they could be put to death.

5. Northern Colonies • Harsh climates and rocky soil = bad growing conditions • North did not have many cash crops. • Instead the North focused on trade • Furs, pickled beef and pork • Ship building and fishing became large industries • Whaling was profitable both for oil lighting and whale meat. • To gain labor they would train young boys as apprentices to teach them skill trades.

6. Middle Colonies • Good growing season and rich land = farmers able to grow large amounts of crops. • These crops were called STAPLE CROPS - crops that are always needed • Crop like barley, wheat, oats • Slaves were important • However, they also worked in cities as skilled laborers

7. Women and the Economy • Made important contributions to the economy • Ran farm and businesses • Clothing stores, grocery stores, bakeries, pharmacies • Some women practiced medicine – nurses and midwives • Most married woman could not work out of the home without husbands permission and the husband had the right to keep the money his wife earned. • Most women worked from the home.

8. Great Awakening and Enlightenment Social Studies Survey

9. Bell Ringer 11/8 What do you know about the Great Awakening? If you don’t know anything then infer what it means by its name.

10. Essential Question • How did the ideas and concepts spread during the Great Awakening and Enlightenment Periods help bring the colonists closer to a state of rebellion?

11. I CAN: • Explain the significance of the Great Awakening in American history • Identify key people that helped lead and spur the Great Awakening • Explain the significance of the Enlightenment in American history • Identify key people that helped to bring about new ideas during the Enlightenment • Juxtapose the importance of the Great Awakening and Enlightenment on American history

12. The Enlightenment Vs. The Great Awakening

13. Early 1700’s • Church leaders worried that colonists were losing their religious faith. • In order to bring back the sense of religious duty leaders began holding REVIVALS - emotional gatherings where people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith.

14. What is the Great Awakening? • The Great Awakening was a wide spread Christian movement involving sermons and revivals. • It emphasized faith in God.

15. It brought a national identity to Colonial America • Certain Christians began to disassociate themselves with the established/institutional approach to worship • People went to these large gatherings for days at a time to worship and pray

16. When was the Great Awakening? • First Great Awakening took place during the 1730’s-1740’s in colonial America

17. Reasons for The Great Awakening • People felt that religion was dry, dull and distant • Preachers felt people needed to be concerned with inner emotions as opposed to outward religious behavior • They could now read and interpret the Bible for themselves

18. Key People From the Great Awakening • Jonathan Edwards: • He was a pastor and one of the most important leaders. • Urged sinners to seek forgiveness for their sins or face punishment in Hell forever. • Famous for his sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

19. Quote from this sermon: “The god that holds you over the pit of Hell, much as one holds a spider or other loathsome insect over the fire abhors you…his wrath toward you burns like a fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else but to be cast into the fire”

20. Key People From the Great Awakening • George Whitefield: Preacher from London who made many trips to America to preach. • Called a “giant” in the pulpit because of his booming voice and authority • Thousands found new faith in Christianity because of him

21. It is a poor sermon that gives no offense; that neither makes the hearer displeased with himself nor with the preacher. • What! Get to heaven on your own strength? Why, you might as well try to climb to the moon on a rope of sand!

22. Leaders of the Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards George Whitefield

23. Outcomes of the Great Awakening • Birth of deep religious convictions in the colonies • Colonists could be bold when confronting religious authority, and break away if they were not meeting expectations • This transferred over to other areas in their life.

24. Bell Ringer 11/12 • What is Veteran’s Day? How did it start and why do we observe it?

25. Enlightenment • Where the Great Awakening dealt with a spiritual revival, • The Enlightenment dealt with scientific and intellectual reason • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hL-cr5CqLBs

26. The Enlightenment is often referred to as the age of reason. • Began with intellectuals in Europe and moved over to America.

27. Enlightenment • Begins in the late 17th-early 18th century • Benjamin Franklin was considered the father of the enlightenment in America • Thoughts and ideas were often spread in salons

28. Bell Ringer 11/13 • What is the Great Awakening? • The Enlightenment?

29. Major Enlightenment Ideas • Every social, political and economic problem could be solved through the use of reason and scientific method • Governments are created to secure an orderly society and promote individual welfare -(Hobbes, Rousseau, and Locke)

30. Night after night in 1610 Italian scientist Galileo Galilei looked up at the sky. People had long believe that Earth was the center of the universe. Galileo, however, began to doubt this idea. He used his newly built telescope to view Jupiter and observed small moons around this planet. This discovery told him that not everything in the universe moved around the Earth. Other scientists began to share Galileo’s views.

31. Colonial Scientists • Few schools actually taught science – however, there were many talented scientists in the colonies. • They taught themselves science through observing the world around them. • David Rittenhouse - designed mathematical astronomical instruments • Benjamin Banneker – free African American – predicted a solar eclipse and had his work published in an almanac.

32. Benjamin Franklin – One of the most important thinkers of his time. • Father’s candle and soap shop • An apprentice in his brother’s printing shop. • Started a newspaper in his mid 20’s • Wrote the Poor Richard’s Almanack • “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”

33. Invented the lightning rod, bifocals, a heating stove. • Flew a kite during a thunderstorm in 1752 to prove lightning is a form of electricity. • Found the positive and negative charges in electricity. • Myth – discovered electricity • Truth – proved lighting was a form of electricity

34. Quotes from the Enlightenment • “war . . . of every man against every man,” and life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” Thomas Hobbes

35. Quotes from the Enlightenment • “Power should be a check to power.” Montesquieu

36. All men are created “free and equal” (comes from Thomas Hobbes Leviathan) • Life, Liberty, and pursuit of happiness (John Lockelife, liberty and estate) • A free market should be allowed to regulate trade (Adam Smith Wealth of Nations)

37. Key People in the Enlightenment • John Locke: father of enlightenment philosophy • Played a major role in the development of our government through his ideas • Believed governmental power was not derived through God to monarchs. • Rather was derived from the need to preserve “life, liberty, and property” of the governed • Helped to develop key ideas (such as three branches of government) within a democratic system

38. Key People in the Enlightenment • Baron de Montesquieu: Famous for developing separation of powers • Rule by the people (democracy) is best as long as have a balance of power. • Three main forms of government, each supported by social “principle”: • Monarchies: rely on Honor (king or queen) • Republics: rely on Virtue (rule by elected leader) • Despotisms: rely on Fear (dictator)

39. Separation of powers is the best way to protect human liberties -(Montesquieu in Spirit of Laws)

40. Major Ideas of Enlightenment Thinkers

41. Quotes from the Enlightenment • “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.” Voltaire

42. Compare the Two The Enlightenment The Great Awakening The Enlightenment spread where the Great awakening remained isolated

43. Enlightenment/Great Awakening Compare and Contrast • Enlightenment focuses more on thought and scientific ideas as opposed to religious ideas • Enlightenment plays major impact on government and society whereas Great Awakening focuses more on religious prosperity • Both play a major role in developing individualism where people can think on their own and determine what is best for them, not what is passed down from religious or governmental authorities.

44. What you need to know Where did the Enlightenment Occur? -England What were central ideas of the enlightenment? -Science and reason Where did the Great awakening occur? -Early American colonies What ideas did The Great awakening support? -Enthusiastic religious waves Which are true of both the Great awakening and the Enlightenment? -Both brought about new ideas

45. Who is thought of as the first preacher of the Great Awakening? - Jonathan Edwards Who is one philosopher of the Enlightenment? -John Locke When is it thought that the Enlightenment period began? - late 17th and Early 18th century What was the perceived need that led to the Great Awakening? - A change in Americans views on God When did the Great Awakening Take place? - Mid 1700’s